Deoxycholic acid enhancement of lymphocyte migration through direct interaction with the intestinal vascular endothelium.

Background And Aim: The small intestine plays a central role in gut immunity, and enhanced lymphocyte migration is involved in the pathophysiology of various enteropathy. Bile acid (BA) is closely related to lipid metabolism and gut microbiota and essential for gut homeostasis. However, the effects of BA on gut immunity have not been studied in detail, especially on the small intestine and lymphocyte migration.

Microscopic Observation of Lymphocyte Dynamics in Rat Peyer's Patches.

Naïve lymphocytes recirculate from the blood to the lymphoid tissues under physiological condition and it is commonly recognized as an important phenomenon in the gut immunity. The stroma of secondary lymphoid organs, such as Peyer's patches (PPs) or mesenteric lymph nodes, are where naïve lymphocytes sense antigens. Naïve lymphocytes circulate through the bloodstream to reach high endothelial venules, the portal of entry into PPs.

Crohn's Disease Accompanied with Small Intestinal Extramedullary Plasmacytoma.

We herein present the case of an immunocompetent 63-year-old man who had previously undergone resection of Crohn's disease (CD)-related small intestinal obstruction more than 30 years ago. He had not been receiving any medication for many years, but had recently started to suffer from ileus. A stenosed site of ileo-cecal anastomosis was identified and therefore was surgically resected, which was diagnosed as CD with small intestinal extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP).

Depression Promotes the Onset of Irritable Bowel Syndrome through Unique Dysbiosis in Rats.

Background/aims: Although studies using conventional animal models have shown that specific stressors cause irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is unclear whether depression itself causes IBS. Our aim was to establish a rat model to determine if depression itself promotes the onset of IBS and to elucidate the role of gut microbiota in brain-gut axis pathogenesis during coincident depression and IBS.

Methods: Rat models of depression were induced using our shuttle box method of learned helplessness.

Atypical Clinical Presentation of Crohn's Disease with Superior Mesenteric Vein Obstruction and Protein-losing Enteropathy.

We herein report a 44-year-old man suffering from systemic edema due to protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) with superior mesenteric vein (SMV) obstruction and development of collateral veins, which subsequently proved to be a chronic result of thrombosis and a complication of Crohn's disease (CD). PLE was supposedly induced by both intestinal erosion and thrombosis-related lymphangiectasia, which was histologically proven in his surgically-resected ileal stenosis. Elemental diet and anti-TNFα agent improved his hypoalbuminemia after surgery.

Nicotine treatment ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing MAdCAM-1 expression and leukocyte recruitment.

The enhanced recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed colon is a key feature of ulcerative colitis (UC). The gut-specific adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment have emerged as recent therapeutic targets. Nicotine absorbed from smoking has been reported to work protectively in UC patients.

Amelioration of colitis through blocking lymphocytes entry to Peyer's patches by sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase inhibitor.

Background And Aim: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1, a therapeutic target of the S1P agonist FTY720, plays a crucial role in lymphocyte migration and is expressed in several cells including naïve T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. 2-Acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI), an inhibitor of S1P lyase, exhibits immunomodulatory activity through increasing the S1P concentration in the secondary lymphoid organs, but its effects on colitis remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify how THI affects colitis and migration of naïve T lymphocytes in Peyer's patches (PPs).

Human intestinal spirochetosis mimicking ulcerative colitis.

Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) is a colorectal infection caused by the Brachyspira species of intestinal spirochetes, whose pathogenicity in humans remains unclear owing to the lack of or mild symptoms. We monitored the 5-year clinical course of a woman diagnosed with HIS in whom ulcerative colitis (UC) had been suspected. Following a positive fecal occult blood test, she underwent a colonoscopic examination at a local clinic where she was diagnosed with "right-sided" UC concomitant with incidentally detected HIS, and was referred to our hospital.

Evaluation by MR Enterocolonography of Lansoprazole-induced Collagenous Colitis Accompanied with Protein-losing Enteropathy.

We herein describe a 69-year-old man suffering from chronic diarrhea caused by lansoprazole (LPZ)-induced collagenous colitis (CC) accompanied with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), diagnosed by increased fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin clearance and the findings of leakage from the descending colon to the sigmoid colon on scintigraphy. MR enterocolonography (MREC) was also performed for differentiating digestive diseases, and inflamed findings were observed around the same portion as those on scintigraphy, suggesting that this region was responsible for protein loss in this case. The MREC findings improved after the cessation of LPZ, and hypoalbuminemia also improved simultaneously.

Novel probiotics isolated from a Japanese traditional fermented food, Funazushi, attenuates DSS-induced colitis by increasing the induction of high integrin αv/β8-expressing dendritic cells.

Background: We isolated two novel probiotics strains (s193 and s292) from Funazushi, which is a traditional Japanese fermented food, and evaluated its effects on DSS-induced colitis to determine the possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods: A single colony from homogenized Funazushi was isolated by its ability to suppress TNF-α in RAW 264.7.

Uric acid ameliorates indomethacin-induced enteropathy in mice through its antioxidant activity.

Background And Aim: Uric acid is excreted from blood into the intestinal lumen, yet the roles of uric acid in intestinal diseases remain to be elucidated. The study aimed to determine whether uric acid could reduce end points associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced enteropathy.

Methods: A mouse model of NSAID-induced enteropathy was generated by administering indomethacin intraperitoneally to 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, and then vehicle or uric acid was administered orally.

Clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease of the elderly onset.

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally. IBD of the elderly is common with prevalence rates. Genetical background involve less in the pathophysiology older-onset of IBD.