Improving compliance with guidelines may lead to favorable clinical outcomes for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A retrospective multicenter study.

Objectives: Clinical guidelines recommend that patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) should be treated with appropriate adjuvant therapy. However, compliance with guideline recommendations is insufficient, and this may lead to unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to investigate the level of adherence to guideline recommendations in patients with NMIBC and evaluate the outcomes of those who did and did not receive guideline-recommended therapies.

Real-world outcomes of patients with renal cell carcinoma, surgically treated at regional hospitals, based on a prospective long-term survey of the pre-robotic era.

Purpose: Renal cancer surgery is frequently performed in small regional hospitals in Japan. This study evaluated the outcomes of renal cancer surgery, comparing results from the pre-robotic surgery era with those obtained with robotic surgery.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent renal cancer surgery between 2008 and 2013 at 14 hospitals, comprising 13 regional hospitals and a university hospital, registered in the Tohoku Urological Evidence-Based Medicine Study Group.

A massive natural disaster, the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the incidence of dialysis due to end-stage kidney disease.

Background: Disaster-related stress can increase blood pressure and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of massive disasters in the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) remains unknown. We investigated the incidence and different causes of dialysis initiation in patients with chronic kidney disease in a city affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Night-Time Urinary Frequency Is Increased after the Great East Japan Earthquake along with Seasonal Variation: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study in Kesennuma City.

Disasters influence various health conditions; however, little has been reported about urinary symptoms. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether night-time urinary frequency was influenced by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) in March 2011. We also evaluated seasonal variation of night-time frequency, which may affect the primary objective.

Efficacy of early ureteral ligation on prevention of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective single-arm multicenter clinical trial.

Objective: The rate of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is high. Seeding upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma cells onto the damaged bladder wall is considered to be one of the causes of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. We evaluated the utility of early ureteral ligation in preventing the intravesical recurrence.

CYP2A13 Genetic Polymorphisms in Relation to the Risk of Bladder Cancer in Japanese Smokers.

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), which can be activated by the metabolic enzyme CYP2A13, are potent procarcinogens. Smoking plays a role in carcinogenesis in the human bladder, which expresses CYP2A13 at a relatively high level. Numerous genetic polymorphisms of CYP2A13 causing amino acid substitution might reduce CYP2A13 metabolic activity toward NNK and NNN, resulting in decreased susceptibility to bladder cancer.

A prospective multicenter study of intermittent chemotherapy with docetaxel and prednisolone for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Objective: The optimal schedule of docetaxel chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer is unknown, although continuous administration is accepted as the standard. We conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the outcome of intermittent docetaxel and prednisolone therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods: The patients were treated using a 28-day cycle of docetaxel (70 mg/m on Day 1) and oral prednisolone (10 mg/day).

Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2A6 in a Case-Control Study on Bladder Cancer in Japanese Smokers.

Several of the procarcinogens inhaled in tobacco smoke, the primary risk factor for bladder cancer, are activated by CYP2A6. The association between the whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*4) and a reduced risk of bladder cancer was suggested in Chinese Han smokers. However, there is no evidence for association between the risk of bladder cancer and CYP2A6 genotypes in the Japanese population.

Prospective randomized phase II trial of a single early intravesical instillation of pirarubicin (THP) in the prevention of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: the THP Monotherapy Study Group Trial.

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of a single early intravesical instillation of pirarubicin (THP) in the prevention of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC).

Patients And Methods: From December 2005 to November 2008, 77 patients clinically diagnosed with UUT-UC from 11 institutions participating in the Tohoku Urological Evidence-Based Medicine Study Group were preoperatively enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive or not receive a single instillation of THP (30 mg in 30 mL of saline) into the bladder within 48 hours after nephroureterectomy.

A case of villous adenoma of the urinary bladder with tubulovillous architecture: characterization by immunohistochemical analysis.

Villous adenomas of the urinary tract are rare as compared to urothelial carcinoma. We report a case of urinary bladder villous adenoma in a 90-year-old woman. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary tumour in the diverticulum at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder.

The outcome of prostate cancer screening in a normal Japanese population with PSA of 2-4 ng/ml and the free/total PSA under 12%.

Objective: No previous study has reported the numbers of prostate cancer (PC) patients existing among a normal Japanese population with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 4 ng/ml. The aim of this study was to elucidate the performance of %free PSA as a screening tool for a normal Japanese population with PSA of 2-4 ng/ml and to examine the characteristics of cancer detected using this criterion.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multi-center study to evaluate the performance of %free PSA among a normal Japanese population.

Possible relationship between the risk of Japanese bladder cancer cases and the CYP4B1 genotype.

Cytochrome P450 4B1 (CYP4B1) is involved in the metabolism of several xenobiotics, such as 2-aminofluorene, 2-naphthylamine and benzidine. CYP4B1 allelic variants CYP4B1*1-*7 were recently identified. We thus hypothesized that CYP4B1 genotypes may modify bladder cancer risk.

Anterior apical biopsy: is it useful for prostate cancer detection?

Objectives: To evaluate the utility of a 12-core prostate biopsy protocol including apical anterior peripheral zone (AAPZ) cores.

Methods: Between February 2002 and October 2006, 10-core and 12-core initial transrectal prostate biopsies were performed on 164 and 549 men, respectively. Two AAPZ-directed biopsies were included in the 12-core biopsy.

Spontaneous rupture of adrenal pheochromocytoma with capsular invasion.

A 67-year-old Japanese man developed a sudden onset of severe right-side upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. On hospitalization, physical examination revealed sweating, tachycardia, hypertension and the appearance of peripheral vasoconstriction. An urgent computed tomography scan with contrast demonstrated a large hematoma in the right retroperitoneal space.

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy of carcinoma in situ of the bladder.

A 71-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis was treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation of 80 mg once-a-week for carcinoma in situ. He developed low-grade fever followed by dyspnea and severe hypoxemia. Radiological and laboratory studies revealed bilateral diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates and hypereosinophilia.