Isolation, structural elucidation, and biological activity of a novel isocoumarin from the dark septate endophytic fungus .

A novel isocoumarin was isolated from the mycelia of the dark septate endophytic fungus . The chemical structure was determined to be 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-1-2-benzopyran-1-one based on mass spectrometry, H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and C-NMR spectroscopic analyses, including 2D-NMR experiments. The isolated compound inhibited root growth of , suggesting its potential as a plant growth regulator.

Detection and isolation of a new member of Burkholderiaceae-related endofungal bacteria from Saksenaea boninensis sp. nov., a new thermotolerant fungus in Mucorales.

Thermotolerance in Mucorales (Mucoromycotina) is one of the factors to be opportunistic pathogens, causing mucormycosis. Among thermotolerant mucoralean fungi, Burkholderiaceae-related endobacteria (BRE) are rarely found and the known range of hosts is limited to Rhizopus spp. The phylogenetic divergence of BRE has recently expanded in other fungal groups such as Mortierellaceae spp.

Revisiting the isolation source after the first discovery: on excrements of ().

is a fungus that has only been isolated once from a forest in the Sugadaira Research Station, Nagano, Japan. Over 20 y have passed since its first discovery but since then it has not been rediscovered. Here, we re-isolated from the type locality and another location, Tambara Moor, Gunma, Japan.

Investigating Endobacteria that Thrive Within Mucoromycota.

Metagenomics approaches have revealed the importance of Mucoromycota in the evolution and functioning of plant microbiomes. Comprised of three subphyla (Glomeromycotina, Mortierellomycotina, and Mucoromycotina), this early diverging lineage of fungi encompasses species of mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, plant pathogens, and many decomposers of plant debris. Interestingly, several taxa of Mucoromycota share a common feature, that is, the presence of endobacteria within their mycelia and spores.

Whole-Genome Sequence of Entomortierella parvispora E1425, a Mucoromycotan Fungus Associated with -Related Endosymbiotic Bacteria.

Some mucoromycotan fungi establish symbiotic associations with endohyphal bacteria. Here, the genome of Entomortierella parvispora E1425 (synonymously known as Mortierella parvispora E1425), which harbors a cultured -related endobacterium (BRE) designated sp. strain B2-EB, was sequenced.

Synergistic and Offset Effects of Fungal Species Combinations on Plant Performance.

In natural and agricultural ecosystems, survival and growth of plants depend substantially on residing microbes in the endosphere and rhizosphere. Although numerous studies have reported the presence of plant-growth promoting bacteria and fungi in below-ground biomes, it remains a major challenge to understand how sets of microbial species positively or negatively affect plants' performance. By conducting a series of single- and dual-inoculation experiments of 13 plant-associated fungi targeting a Brassicaceae plant species ( var.

sp. Strain B2-EB: Comparative Genomics Reveals Minimal Genomic Features Required by a Cultivable -Related Endofungal Bacterium.

Obligate bacterial endosymbionts are critical to the existence of many eukaryotes. Such endobacteria are usually characterized by reduced genomes and metabolic dependence on the host, which may cause difficulty in isolating them in pure cultures. Family -related endofungal bacteria affiliated with the clade can be associated with the fungal subphyla Mortierellomycotina and Glomeromycotina.

The Effectiveness of a Dark Septate Endophytic Fungus, SK51, to Mitigate Strawberry Fusarium Wilt Disease and With Growth Promotion Activities.

Strawberry Fusarium wilt, caused by the virulent fungus (Fof) is a devastating soil-borne disease that causes severe production losses worldwide, including Japan. Fof is one of the top 10 fungal pathogens that threaten global crop security, and a method to effectively control this pathogen has yet to be found. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi against Fof to develop an efficient, effective, and environmentally friendly approach to improve plant health and fitness.

Aposymbiosis of a Burkholderiaceae-Related Endobacterium Impacts on Sexual Reproduction of Its Fungal Host.

Bacterial endosymbionts inhabit diverse fungal lineages. Although the number of studies on bacteria is increasing, the mechanisms by which bacteria affect their fungal hosts remain unclear. We herein examined the homothallic isolate, Mortierella sugadairana YTM39, harboring a Burkholderiaceae-related endobacterium, which did not produce sexual spores.

Prevalence and Intra-Family Phylogenetic Divergence of Burkholderiaceae-Related Endobacteria Associated with Species of Mortierella.

Endofungal bacteria are widespread within the phylum Mucoromycota, and these include Burkholderiaceae-related endobacteria (BRE). However, the prevalence of BRE in Mortierellomycotinan fungi and their phylogenetic divergence remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of BRE in diverse species of Mortierella.

Publisher Correction: Core microbiomes for sustainable agroecosystems.

Owing to a technical error, this Perspective was originally published without its received and accepted dates; the dates "Received: 31 December 2017; Accepted: 23 March 2018" have now been included in all versions.

Complete genome sequence of Agrobacterium pusense VsBac-Y9, a bacterial symbiont of the dark septate endophytic fungus Veronaeopsis simplex Y34 with potential for improving fungal colonization in roots.

A Rhizobium-related bacterium (Rhizobium sp. VsBac-Y9) is a symbiont living with the dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungus Veronaeopsis simplex Y34. Co-inoculation of Rhizobium sp.

Comparative Genomic Insights into Endofungal Lifestyles of Two Bacterial Endosymbionts, Mycoavidus cysteinexigens and Burkholderia rhizoxinica.

Endohyphal bacteria (EHB), dwelling within fungal hyphae, markedly affect the growth and metabolic potential of their hosts. To date, two EHB belonging to the family Burkholderiaceae have been isolated and characterized as new taxa, Burkholderia rhizoxinica (HKI 454) and Mycoavidus cysteinexigens (B1-EB), in Japan. Metagenome sequencing was recently reported for Mortierella elongata AG77 together with its endosymbiont M.

Effects of Rhizobium Species Living with the Dark Septate Endophytic Fungus Veronaeopsis simplex on Organic Substrate Utilization by the Host.

Bacteria harbored in/on the hyphae of the dark septate endophyte, Veronaeopsis simplex Y34, were identified as a single Rhizobium species by molecular analyses of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, and were successfully isolated from the endophyte. The Rhizobium-cured fungus was prepared thoroughly by an antibiotic treatment, thereby allowing an examination of their effects on organic substrate utilization. Assays with Biolog FF microplates revealed that the respiration potential for 52.

Complete Genome Sequence of Streptomyces parvulus 2297, Integrating Site-Specifically with Actinophage R4.

Streptomyces parvulus 2297, which is a host for site-specific recombination according to actinophage R4, is derived from the type strain ATCC 12434. Species of S. parvulus are known as producers of polypeptide antibiotic actinomycins and have been considered for industrial applications.

Cladophialophora inabaensis sp. nov., a New Species among the Dark Septate Endophytes from a Secondary Forest in Tottori, Japan.

A novel species of Cladophialophora is herein described from the natural environment of secondary forest soil in Japan, which was able to be colonized by the host plant root. Morphological observations indicated that the isolate is distinct from previously identified species, and, thus, is described as the new species, C. inabaensis sp.

Mycoavidus cysteinexigens gen. nov., sp. nov., an endohyphal bacterium isolated from a soil isolate of the fungus Mortierella elongata.

An endohyphal bacterium (strain B1-EBT) living in association with the fungus Mortierella elongata FMR23-6 I-B1 was isolated from a fungal cell homogenate and studied for its taxonomic allocation. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-motile, and negative for oxidase and catalase. Strain B1-EBT required cysteine for growth and grew at temperatures between 4 and 35 °C.

Analysis of sclerotia-associated fungal communities in cool-temperate forest soils in north Japan.

We herein investigated sclerotia that were obtained from cool-temperate forests in Mt. Chokai and Mt. Iwaki in north Japan and tentatively identified as the resting bodies of Cenococcum geophilum.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Betaproteobacterial Endosymbiont Associated with the Fungus Mortierella elongata FMR23-6.

The fungus Mortierella elongata FMR23-6 harbors an endobacterium inside its mycelium. Attempts to isolate the endobacterium from the fungus were not yet successful, but a highly purified bacterial fraction was prepared. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the endobacterium.

The role of dark septate endophytic fungal isolates in the accumulation of cesium by chinese cabbage and tomato plants under contaminated environments.

Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the preservation of the food chain from radionuclides contamination has become of crucial importance. The potential of Dark septate endophytic fungi in the management of Cs accumulation in plants under contaminated environments was investigated using Chinese cabbage and tomato plants. Four endophytic fungal isolates of different species, i.

Heteroconium chaetospira induces resistance to clubroot via upregulation of host genes involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene, and auxin biosynthesis.

An endophytic fungus, Heteroconium chaetospira isolate BC2HB1 (Hc), suppressed clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae -Pb) on canola in growth-cabinet trials. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that Hc penetrated canola roots and colonized cortical tissues. Based on qPCR analysis, the amount of Hc DNA found in canola roots at 14 days after treatment was negatively correlated (r = 0.

Characterization of early microbial communities on volcanic deposits along a vegetation gradient on the island of Miyake, Japan.

The 2000 eruption of Mount Oyama on the island of Miyake (Miyake-jima) created a unique opportunity to study the early ecosystem development on newly exposed terrestrial substrates. In this study, bacterial and fungal communities on 9- and 11-year-old volcanic deposits at poorly to fully vegetation-recovered sites in Miyake-jima, Japan, were characterized by conventional culture-based methods and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. Despite the differences in the vegetation cover, the upper volcanic deposit layer samples displayed low among-site variation for chemical properties (pH, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen) and microbial population densities (total direct count and culturable count).

Effect of corn steep liquor on lettuce root rot (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae) in hydroponic cultures.

Background: Recent reports indicate that organic fertilisers have a suppressive effect on the pathogens of plants grown under hydroponic systems. Furthermore, microorganisms exhibiting antagonistic activity to diseases have been observed in organic hydroponic systems. This study evaluated the effect of corn steep liquor (CSL) on controlling lettuce root rot disease [Fusarium oxysporum f.