Predictive Value of PERCIST for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Preoperative Induction Therapy - A Multicenter Study in Japan.

Background: Induction therapy followed by surgery is recommended as an alternative treatment strategy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients who achieve pathologic response after induction therapy have better outcomes than non-responders; therefore, therapeutic response must be evaluated. Recently, new approaches for monitoring therapeutic responses, which are based on F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), have been developed.

Myxoid solitary fibrous tumor with rapid growth due to increased mucinous components: a case report.

Background: Myxoid solitary fibrous tumors are defined as solitary fibrous tumors with ≥ 50% mucinous components. As they are a rare type of pleural tumor, no reports on their rapid growth before surgery exist.

Case Presentation: Herein, we report the case of a 63-year-old male patient with a myxoid solitary fibrous tumor.

EGFR Mutation is a Prognostic Factor in Lung Cancer Patients with Pleural Dissemination Detected During or After Surgery.

Background: Primary lung tumors are sometimes resected when either pleural dissemination (PD) or malignant pleural effusion (MPE) exists. This study clarified the prognostic factors for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with either PD and MPE, or both, detected during or after surgery.

Patients And Methods: We examined patients with NSCLC from a multicenter database who had either PD, MPE, or both, detected during or after surgery between 2005 and 2015.

Randomized phase II study of daily versus alternate-day administrations of S-1 for the elderly patients with completely resected pathological stage IA (tumor diameter > 2 cm)-IIIA of non-small cell lung cancer: Setouchi Lung Cancer Group Study 1201.

Background: It is shown that the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was associated with survival benefit in an elderly population. We aimed to analyze the feasibility and efficacy of alternate-day S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, for adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with completely resected pathological stage IA (tumor diameter > 2 cm) to IIIA (UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 7th edition) NSCLC.

Methods: Elderly patients were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy for one year consisting of either alternate-day oral administration of S-1 (80 mg/m2/day) for 4 days a week (Arm A) or a daily oral administration of S-1 (80 mg/m2/day) for 14 consecutive days followed by 7-day rest (Arm B).

A case of bronchial atresia treated with right S6 segmentectomy using fluorescence navigation with indocyanine green.

Background: Bronchial atresia is a congenital obstruction of the segmental or lobar bronchus that often leads to hyperinflation of the affected area. It can cause intractable infections and abnormal nodules in these regions and surgical resection needs to be considered. The precise resection of the abnormal pulmonary segment is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Surgery Outcomes for Pulmonary Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Pulmonary metastatic resection is a standard therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although patients with pulmonary metastases who do not undergo any treatment have poor prognoses, it has been reported that resection for pulmonary metastases yields good clinical outcomes. We investigated the prognoses of the 10 Japanese patients (eight males, two females) who underwent a surgical resection of pulmonary metastasectomy from RCC at our institution between April 1, 2012 and March 31, 2020 and analyzed the prognostic factors.

A Rare Presentation of Invasive Aspergillosis: An Asymptomatic Man with an Abscess Localized to a Parietal Pleura.

Aspergillosis is an infection caused by Aspergillus species, and it manifests in various clinical presentations. We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with a small area of thickening on the thoracic wall detected by computed tomography. Surgical resection confirmed the diagnosis of an Aspergillus abscess.

Two Cases of Thymic Cancer in Patients with Lynch Syndrome.

We herein report two cases of thymic cancer with Lynch syndrome showing a high frequency of microsatellite instability and loss of mismatch repair protein expression without MLH1 promoter hyper-methylation. In Case 1, a 71-year-old man had a pathogenic germline variant in MLH1 and underwent tumor resection. No relapse has been reported thus far.

Randomized phase II study of daily and alternate-day administration of S-1 for adjuvant chemotherapy in completely-resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer: results of the Setouchi Lung Cancer Group Study 1301.

Background: The aim of this multicenter, randomized phase II study was to analyze the feasibility and safety of alternate-day S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected pathological stage I (tumor diameter > 2 cm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy for 1 year comprising either alternate-day oral administration of S-1 (80 mg/m/day) for 4 days a week (Group A) or a 2-week oral administration of S-1 (80 mg/m/day) followed by 1 week of rest (Group B). The primary endpoint was feasibility, which was defined as the proportion of patients who completed the allocated intervention for 6 months with a relative dose intensity (RDI) of 70% or more.

Thoracoscopic Localization of Small Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions Using Percutaneous Computed Tomography-guided Pleural Dye Marking: A Retrospective Analysis.

Small pulmonary lesions are often difficult to localize during thoracoscopic surgery. We describe a new com-puted tomography (CT)-guided pleural dye-marking method for small peripheral pulmonary lesions that does not involve a visceral pleural puncture. We used this technique for 23 lesions (22 patients) who underwent tho-racoscopic partial lung resection (Nov.

Resected case of stage IV pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung with long-term survival.

Background: No established treatments for pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma exist because of its rarity, and the prognosis is poorer than that of other non-small cell lung cancers.

Case Report: We present a case of stage IV pleomorphic carcinoma; the patient was a 66-year-old male. He was referred to our hospital because of a right adrenal hemorrhage and a lung tumor.

Impact of somatic mutations on prognosis in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: The Japan Molecular Epidemiology for lung cancer study.

Background: To report the follow up data and clinical outcomes of the JME study (UMIN 000008177), a prospective, multicenter, molecular epidemiology examination of 876 surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, and the impact of somatic mutations (72 cancer-associated genes) on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Patients were enrolled between July 2012 and December 2013, with follow up to 30th November 2017. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of gene mutations on RFS and OS, considering sex, smoking history, age, stage, histology, EGFR, KRAS, TP53, and number of coexisting mutations.

Restrictive ventilatory impairment is associated with poor outcome in patients with cT1aN0M0 peripheral squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Background: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the lung sometimes have a comorbid pulmonary disease such as pulmonary emphysema or an interstitial lung disease (ILD), both of which negatively affect patient outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of patients in a multicenter database who underwent surgery for cT1aN0M0 peripheral SqCC lung cancer.

Methods: The medical records of a total of 228 eligible patients from seven institutions were reviewed to evaluate the impact of concomitant impaired pulmonary function and other clinicopathological factors on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS).

A proposal for a comprehensive risk scoring system for predicting postoperative complications in octogenarian patients with medically operable lung cancer: JACS1303.

Objectives: Although some retrospective studies have reported clinicopathological scoring systems for predicting postoperative complications and survival outcomes for elderly lung cancer patients, optimized scoring systems remain controversial.

Methods: The Japanese Association for Chest Surgery (JACS) conducted a nationwide multicentre prospective cohort and enrolled a total of 1019 octogenarians with medically operable lung cancer. Details of the clinical factors, comorbidities and comprehensive geriatric assessment were recorded for 895 patients to develop a comprehensive risk scoring (RS) system capable of predicting severe complications.

Multiplex Ultrasensitive Genotyping of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations by Means of Picodroplet Digital PCR.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have been used as the strongest predictor of effectiveness of treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Three most common EGFR mutations (L858R, exon 19 deletion, and T790M) are known to be major selection markers for EGFR-TKIs therapy. Here, we developed a multiplex picodroplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to detect 3 common EGFR mutations in 1 reaction.

Feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 plus carboplatin followed by single-agent maintenance therapy with S-1 for completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the Setouchi Lung Cancer Group Study 1001.

Background: This multicenter study evaluated the feasibility of novel adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 plus carboplatin followed by single-agent, long-term maintenance with S-1 in patients with completely resected stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Patients received four cycles of S-1 (80 mg/m/day for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks rest) plus carboplatin (area under the curve 5, day 1) followed by S-1 (80 mg/m/day for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week rest). Patients unable to continue S-1 plus carboplatin because of severe toxicity converted to single-agent S-1 maintenance.

Randomized feasibility study of S-1 for adjuvant chemotherapy in completely resected Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the Setouchi Lung Cancer Group Study 0701.

Objective: The aim of this multicenter study was to determine the appropriate administration schedule for S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected pathological-Stage IA (tumor diameter, 2-3 cm) non-small-cell lung cancer.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of either the 4-week oral administration of S-1 (80-120 mg/body/day) followed by a 2-week rest (Group A), or the 2-week oral administration of S-1 (80-120 mg/body/day) followed by a 1-week rest (Group B). The duration of adjuvant chemotherapy was 1 year in both arms.

Prospective Analysis of Oncogenic Driver Mutations and Environmental Factors: Japan Molecular Epidemiology for Lung Cancer Study.

Purpose: Oncogenic driver mutations are critical for lung cancer development and serve as therapeutic targets. However, their associations with environmental factors are not fully understood. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between tumor developmental biology and exposure to environmental factors.

Ultra-Sensitive Detection of the Pretreatment EGFR T790M Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with an EGFR-Activating Mutation Using Droplet Digital PCR.

Purpose: The resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a major concern in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. T790M mutation in EGFR accounts for nearly 50% of the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Earlier studies suggested that T790M mutation was also detected in TKI-naïve NSCLCs in a small cohort.

Impact and predictors of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases after pulmonary resection for lung cancer.

Objective: The study objective was to examine the incidence, risk factors, and mortality rate of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases in patients with lung cancer undergoing pulmonary resection in a large-scale multi-institutional cohort.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1763 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had undergone pulmonary resection and presented with a clinical diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases between January 2000 and December 2009 at 61 hospitals in Japan. The incidence and outcomes of acute exacerbation within 30 days from the operation were investigated.

[Left lung cancer accompanied with a persistent left superior vena cava; report of a case].

A 77-year-old woman who had been treated for tongue cancer, esophageal cancer and laryngeal cancer, 25 years, 8 years and 8 months before respectively, was referred to our department because of the pulmonary tumor. Enhanced computed tomography showed a nodule of 32 mm in diameter in the left upper lobe and persistent left superior vena cava (PL-SVC). She underwent left upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection, preserving PL-SVC.

[Lung cancer associated with pulmonary aspergillosis in the nodule of old mycobacterial infection].

A 66-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to examine abnormal shadow in the right lung in May 2009. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a nodule in the apex of right lung adjacent to the old shadow which was thought to be inflammatory and had been followed up since November 2002. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed significant accumulation of the isotope in the new nodule.

[Leiomyoma of the trachea; report of a case].

Leiomyoma of the trachea is a rare benign tumor. The patient was a 44-year-old male with a chief complaint of cough. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a tracheal tumor.

A feasibility study of postoperative adjuvant therapy of carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel for completely resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Recent clinical trials have shown significant survival benefits from postoperative adjuvant therapy for respectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin combination is still uncertain. The purpose of the study was to test the feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and separate weekly paclitaxel after complete resection of pStage IB, II, IIIA NSCLC in a multicenter study.