Possible roles of CAHS proteins from Tardigrade in osmotic stress tolerance in mammalian cells.

Anhydrobiosis, a phenomenon in which organisms survive extreme dehydration by entering a reversible ametabolic state, is a remarkable example of survival strategies. This study focuses on anhydrobiosis in tardigrades, which are known for their resilience to severe environmental conditions. Tardigrades utilize several protective mechanisms against desiccation, notably the constitutive expression of cytoplasmic abundant heat soluble (CAHS) proteins in Ramazzottius varieornatus.

Complete genome sequence of sp. 10714-15 isolated from human colon cancer patients.

sp. is a non-spore-forming, obligatory anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium isolated from the stool samples of human colon cancer patients. We report the complete genome sequence of sp.

Complete genome sequences of two isolated from pegmatite in Fukushima, Japan.

The genus comprises facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, Gram-positive eubacteria known for efficiently producing a diverse array of exoenzymes. We isolated and sequenced the complete genomes of two bacteria from the pegmatite surface in the fourth ore body in the mine Wagu Kannon Mine, Fukushima Prefecture.

Complete genome sequence of polylactic acid degrading strain R1 isolated from rice field soil.

R1 is a phototrophic, purple, non-sulfur Gram-negative bacterium first isolated from the soils of rice fields, known for its polylactic acid degradability. Here, we present the complete circular genome sequence of this bacterium, spanning 5.32 Mbp and 4,949 protein-coding sequences.

Search for putative gene regulatory motifs in CAHS3, linked to anhydrobiosis in a tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus, in vivo and in silico.

Tardigrades possess the ability to enter an almost completely dehydrated state, anhydrobiosis. The CAHS (cytosolic abundant heat-soluble) protein family has been identified as one of the anhydrobiosis-related proteins. In particular, CAHS3 protein from an anhydrobiotic tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus, shows heat-solubility and reversible condensation and is one of the most highly expressed among the CAHS paralogs.

Complete genome sequence of strain RI1, isolated from human feces.

We report the complete genome sequence of strain RI1, a Gram-positive anaerobic gut microbe isolated from human feces. The complete circular genome has a genome size of 3.25  Mb, with a G+C content of 42.

Sexual dimorphism in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus transcriptome.

Background: In gonochoristic animals, the sex determination pathway induces different morphological and behavioral features that can be observed between sexes, a condition known as sexual dimorphism. While many components of this sex differentiation cascade show high levels of diversity, factors such as the Doublesex-Mab-3-Related Transcription factor (DMRT) are widely conserved across animal taxa. Species of the phylum Tardigrada exhibit remarkable diversity in morphology and behavior between sexes, suggesting a pathway regulating this dimorphism.

Transcriptome analysis of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris exposed to the DNA-damaging agent bleomycin.

Tardigrades are microscopic animals that are renowned for their capabilities of tolerating near-complete desiccation by entering an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis. However, many species also show high tolerance against radiation in the active state as well, suggesting cross-tolerance via the anhydrobiosis mechanism. Previous studies utilized indirect DNA damaging agents to identify core components of the cross-tolerance machinery in species with high anhydrobiosis capacities.

Reliability of Time-Series Plasma Metabolome Data over 6 Years in a Large-Scale Cohort Study.

Studies examining long-term longitudinal metabolomic data and their reliability in large-scale populations are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the reliability of repeated measurements of plasma metabolites in a prospective cohort setting and to explore intra-individual concentration changes at three time points over a 6-year period. The study participants included 2999 individuals (1317 men and 1682 women) from the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study, who participated in all three surveys-at baseline, 3 years, and 6 years.

Complete genome sequence of Tü117.

produce about two-thirds of all naturally derived antibiotics currently in clinical use. Tü117 is a species of and produces α-lipomycin. We report the complete genome sequence of , composed of a single linear chromosome of 8,717,539 Mbp with a G + C content of 72.

Complete genome sequence of PETase type IIa-harboring D15-8W, isolated from a South China Sea sediment.

D15-8W is known for its ability to metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we report the complete circular genome sequence of this strain to be 5,336,660 bp (G + C content, 58.6%; 4,869 protein-coding sequences) with one plasmid (69,655 bp).

Complete genome sequence of CS-K2, isolated from freshwater lake sediments in Bavaria, Germany.

CS-K2 is a Gram-negative bacterium first isolated from the sediment of the littoral zone of a freshwater lake in Germany. We here present the complete annotated genome sequence of this thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium, spanning 3.54 Mb and encoding 3,192 protein-coding sequences.

The Evolution of Temperature and Desiccation-Related Protein Families in Tardigrada Reveals a Complex Acquisition of Extremotolerance.

Tardigrada is an ecdysozoan lineage famed for its resilience. Tardigrades can tolerate high doses of radiation, low-oxygen environments, desiccation, and both high and low temperatures under a dormant state called "anhydrobiosis", which is a reversible halt of metabolism upon almost complete desiccation. A large amount of research has focused on the genetic pathways related to these capabilities, and a number of genes have been identified and linked to the extremotolerant response of tardigrades.

Complete genome sequence of JCM 10645 isolated from a human stool sample.

JCM 10645 is an obligately anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated from a human stool sample, generally known as a bacterium associated with sepsis, bacteremia, halitosis, and periodontal disease. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which is 2.615 Mbp with a 37.

Complete genome sequence of strain 03-723.

A mesophilic bacterium strain 03-723 was previously isolated from soil by Sun et al. Here, we present a complete and annotated genome sequence of this strain, which has a total size of 12.1 Mbp with a G + C content of 70.

Molecular mechanisms of the high performance of spider silks revealed through multi-omics analysis.

Spider silk is considered a promising next-generation biomaterial due to its exceptional toughness, coupled with its renewability and biodegradability. Contrary to the conventional view that spider silk is mainly composed of two types of silk proteins (spidroins), MaSp1 and MaSp2, multi-omics strategies are increasingly revealing that the inclusion of complex components confers the higher mechanical properties to the material. In this review, we focus on several recent findings that report essential components and mechanisms that are necessary to reproduce the properties of natural spider silk.

Nondomain biopolymers: Flexible molecular strategies to acquire biological functions.

A long-standing assumption in molecular biology posits that the conservation of protein and nucleic acid sequences emphasizes the functional significance of biomolecules. These conserved sequences fold into distinct secondary and tertiary structures, enable highly specific molecular interactions, and regulate complex yet organized molecular processes within living cells. However, recent evidence suggests that biomolecules can also function through primary sequence regions that lack conservation across species or gene families.

Composition of Minor Ampullate Silk Makes Its Properties Different from Those of Major Ampullate Silk.

Spider's minor ampullate silk, or MI-silk, exhibits distinct mechanical properties and water resistance compared to its major ampullate counterpart (MA-silk). The principal protein constituent of MI-silk is known as minor ampullate spidroin, or MiSp, and while its sequence has been deciphered and is thought to underlie the differences in properties with MA-silk, the composition of MI-silk and the relationship between its composition and properties remain elusive. In this study, we set out to investigate the mechanical properties, water resistance, and proteome of MA-silk and MI-silk from and .

A Nanopore Sequencing Course for Graduate School Curriculum.

The high-throughput long-read sequencing has become affordable enough for any molecular biology lab to utilize genome sequencing in their research. Complete genome sequencing and assembly of bacterial genomes is one such application which is powerful yet simple enough for anyone without advanced molecular biology or bioinformatics skills to conduct on his/her own. High-throughput sequencing will eventually become a basic routine tool in molecular biology labs just like polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis in a near future.

The Method of Eliminating the Wolbachia Endosymbiont Genomes from Insect Samples Prior to a Long-Read Sequencing.

When extracting DNA of invertebrates for long-read sequencing, not only enough quantity and size of the DNA but, depending on the species, elimination of contamination of endosymbiotic Wolbachia genome also has to be achieved. These requirements become troublesome, especially in small-sized species with a limited number of individuals available for the experiment. In this chapter, using tiny parasitoid wasps (Reclinervellus nielseni) parasitizing spiders as hosts, we developed a method of eliminating the Wolbachia genomes by means of an antibiotic administration to adult wasps via honey solution.