[Safety and Effectiveness of Zykadia® in Patients with ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Report of Post- Marketing Surveillance].

We conducted a post-marketing surveillance of Zykadia® in patients with ALK-positive unresectable, advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. There were 573 patients included in the safety analysis, of which 54.62% were female, and their mean age was 59.

Elasmobranch genome sequencing reveals evolutionary trends of vertebrate karyotype organization.

Genomic studies of vertebrate chromosome evolution have long been hindered by the scarcity of chromosome-scale DNA sequences of some key taxa. One of those limiting taxa has been the elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), which harbor species often with numerous chromosomes and enlarged genomes. Here, we report the chromosome-scale genome assembly for the zebra shark , an endangered species that has a relatively small genome among sharks (3.

Whale shark rhodopsin adapted to deep-sea lifestyle by a substitution associated with human disease.

Spectral tuning of visual pigments often facilitates adaptation to new environments, and it is intriguing to study the visual ecology of pelagic sharks with secondarily expanded habitats. The whale shark, which dives into the deep sea of nearly 2,000 meters besides near-surface filter feeding, was previously shown to possess the 'blue-shifted' rhodopsin (RHO), which is a signature of deep-sea adaptation. In this study, our spectroscopy of recombinant whale shark RHO mutants revealed that this blue shift is caused dominantly by an unprecedented spectral tuning site 94.

Squalomix: shark and ray genome analysis consortium and its data sharing platform.

The taxon Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) contains one of the long-established evolutionary lineages of vertebrates with a tantalizing collection of species occupying critical aquatic habitats. To overcome the current limitation in molecular resources, we launched the Squalomix Consortium in 2020 to promote a genome-wide array of molecular approaches, specifically targeting shark and ray species. Among the various bottlenecks in working with elasmobranchs are their elusiveness and low fecundity as well as the large and highly repetitive genomes.

Technical considerations in Hi-C scaffolding and evaluation of chromosome-scale genome assemblies.

The recent development of ecological studies has been fueled by the introduction of massive information based on chromosome-scale genome sequences, even for species for which genetic linkage is not accessible. This was enabled mainly by the application of Hi-C, a method for genome-wide chromosome conformation capture that was originally developed for investigating the long-range interaction of chromatins. Performing genomic scaffolding using Hi-C data is highly resource-demanding and employs elaborate laboratory steps for sample preparation.

Visual and nonvisual opsin genes of sharks and other nonosteichthyan vertebrates: Genomic exploration of underwater photoreception.

Vision of sharks embraces various biological and ecological themes ranging from predation and adaptation to deep-sea life. However, behavioural and genetic studies have been limited by their elusive lifestyles, repeatedly reported declines of wild populations, and their unique life-history traits including low fecundity and enhanced longevity. Sharks have also not been actively studied on the cellular and molecular levels, because of additional difficulties in cell culture, tissue collection and genome sequencing.

Early vertebrate origin of CTCFL, a CTCF paralog, revealed by proximity-guided shark genome scaffolding.

The nuclear protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) contributes as an insulator to chromatin organization in diverse animals. The gene encoding this protein has a paralog which was first identified to be expressed exclusively in the testis in mammals and designated as CTCFL (also called BORIS). CTCFL orthologs were reported only among amniotes, and thus CTCFL was once thought to have arisen in the amniote lineage.

Fat Grafting in Patients With Extensive Unilateral Facial Deficiency: Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted Planning, Implementation, and Outcome Assessment.

Purpose: Autologous fat injection is a widely used, simple, and less invasive technique to correct volume deficiency. This study developed a treatment method by using a 3-dimensional (3D) simulation to plan and implement fat injection in patients with an extensive facial deficiency and then validated the accuracy of the method and treatment outcomes.

Methods: Seven patients with a large unilateral facial deficiency receiving autologous fat grafts between 2015 and 2017 were recruited.

Unique structure (construction and configuration) and evolution of the array of small serum protein genes of snake.

The nucleotide sequence of () 30534 bp genome segment which contains genes encoding small serum proteins (SSPs) was deciphered. The genome segment contained five SSP genes (), , and in this order and had characteristic configuration and constructions of the particular nucleotide sequences inserted. Comparison between the configurations of the inserted chicken repeat-1 (CR1) fragments of and () showed that the nucleotide segment encompassing from to was inverted.

Shark genomes provide insights into elasmobranch evolution and the origin of vertebrates.

Modern cartilaginous fishes are divided into elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates) and chimaeras, and the lack of established whole-genome sequences for the former has prevented our understanding of early vertebrate evolution and the unique phenotypes of elasmobranchs. Here we present de novo whole-genome assemblies of brownbanded bamboo shark and cloudy catshark and an improved assembly of the whale shark genome. These relatively large genomes (3.

The habu genome reveals accelerated evolution of venom protein genes.

Evolution of novel traits is a challenging subject in biological research. Several snake lineages developed elaborate venom systems to deliver complex protein mixtures for prey capture. To understand mechanisms involved in snake venom evolution, we decoded here the ~1.

Nasal Duplication Combined with Cleft Lip and Palate: Surgical Correction and Long-Term Follow-Up.

Background: Diprosopus dirrhinus, or nasal duplication, is a rare entity of partial craniofacial duplication.

Methods: The case we present is the first report of diprosopus dirrhinus associated with complete cleft lip and palate. The baby was born in Cambodia at full term by normal vaginal delivery with no significant perinatal and family history.

Reinforcing the Mucoperiosteal Pocket with the Scarpa Fascia Graft in Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting: A Retrospective Controlled Outcome Study.

Background: Secondary alveolar bone grafting is the gold standard for the treatment of alveolar clefts in cleft lip and palate patients. The authors present a modified method using a Scarpa fascia graft that is placed deep into the mucoperiosteal pocket for watertight sealing of the bone graft chamber and limiting the graft position to the alveolar region for bony stability and tooth support. The outcome was assessed for clinical success in terms of bone graft stability and infection rate.

An integrated surgical protocol for adult patients with hemifacial microsomia: Methods and outcome.

Background: Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) features hypoplasia and asymmetry in skeletal as well as soft tissue, and correction of the deformity is difficult in terms of aesthetic outcome. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of an integrated treatment protocol for correction of this facial deformity.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was performed on adult HFM patients who received two-jaw orthognathic surgery combined with facial contouring procedures in the first stage, and fat injection for the residual facial deficiency in the second stage.

A Modified Technique of Mandibular Ramus Sagittal Split Osteotomy for Prevention of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study and Outcome Assessment.

Background: Postoperative functional impairment of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) has been a common and well-recognized complication. Our study introduced a modified Obwegeser-Dal Pont bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) technique and evaluated the subsequent incidence of postoperative neurosensory disturbance of IAN.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 57 patients receiving our modified BSSO during orthognathic surgery were enrolled.

Correction of Facial Deformity in Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Background: Although previous studies have reported soft-tissue management in surgical treatment of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), there are few reports describing facial bone surgery in this patient group. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of our multidisciplinary algorithm for correcting facial deformities associated with SWS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on orthognathic surgery for SWS patients.

A Treatment Protocol for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and the Outcome.

Background: A simple algorithm is applied to treat velopharyngeal insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to assess its success rate and complications.

Methods: The diagnosis includes speech perceptual assessment and nasopharyngoscopy, focusing on velopharyngeal closure ratio.

Modified Furlow Palatoplasty Using Small Double-Opposing Z-Plasty: Surgical Technique and Outcome.

Background: A smaller Z-plasty is applied in a modified Furlow palatoplasty. The purpose of this study was to assess its surgical and functional outcome.

Methods: The surgical technique included mucoperiosteal flap elevation in the hard palate, complete pedicle dissection and release, double-opposing Z-plasty using 5-mm limbs and muscle dissection in the soft palate, and the buccal fat pad covering lateral relaxing wounds.

Computer-Assisted Orthognathic Surgery for Patients with Cleft Lip/Palate: From Traditional Planning to Three-Dimensional Surgical Simulation.

Background: Although conventional two-dimensional (2D) methods for orthognathic surgery planning are still popular, the use of three-dimensional (3D) simulation is steadily increasing. In facial asymmetry cases such as in cleft lip/palate patients, the additional information can dramatically improve planning accuracy and outcome. The purpose of this study is to investigate which parameters are changed most frequently in transferring a traditional 2D plan to 3D simulation, and what planning parameters can be better adjusted by this method.

Complications following orthognathic surgery for patients with cleft lip/palate: A systematic review.

Background/purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to update the available data for complications following orthognathic surgery in cleft lip and/or palate patients.

Methods: Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched for publications from 1990 to 2014.

Results: A total of 26 articles were selected including 1003 patients (male: 391, female: 353, 259: not mentioned) who underwent maxillary osteotomies for cleft lip/palate.

Interisland variegation of venom [Lys(49)]phospholipase A2 isozyme genes in Protobothrops genus snakes in the southwestern islands of Japan.

Protobothrops tokarensis (Pt), a Crotalinae snake, inhabits only Takarajima and Kodakarajima islands of the Tokara Islands located in the immediate north of Amami-Oshima island of Japan. Kodakarajima P. tokarensis venom gland cDNA library gave four types of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) cDNAs encoding neutral [Asp(49)]PLA2, basic [Asp(49)]PLA2, highly basic [Asp(49)]PLA2, and [Lys(49)]PLA2.

The finding of a group IIE phospholipase A2 gene in a specified segment of Protobothrops flavoviridis genome and its possible evolutionary relationship to group IIA phospholipase A2 genes.

The genes encoding group IIE phospholipase A2, abbreviated as IIE PLA2, and its 5' and 3' flanking regions of Crotalinae snakes such as Protobothrops flavoviridis, P. tokarensis, P. elegans, and Ovophis okinavensis, were found and sequenced.

Cosmetic Comparison Between the Modified Uchida Method and the Mustarde Method for Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome.

Purpose: Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a rare, congenital, surgically challenging disease. We undertook an objective, functional, and cosmetic comparison between the modified Uchida procedure and the Mustarde procedure on Asian patients with BPES.

Design: This is a retrospective, comparative, interventional case series with the description of 2 surgical techniques.

Cranial distraction osteogenesis for syndromic craniosynostosis: long-term follow-up and effect on postoperative cranial growth.

Background: Although cranial distraction osteogenesis (CDO) is beneficial, few studies have reported on detailed operative procedures and postoperative cranial growth. Herein, we demonstrated the objective effectiveness of CDO in younger infants.

Methods: The study included infants who underwent primary cranial distraction for craniosynostosis.