Immunohistochemical study of pseudohypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus.

Objective: Pathogenesis of pseudohypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus (PH-IO) was analyzed based on immunohistochemical study.

Methods: Immunostained medullas with PH-IO were observed with confocal laser microscopy.

Results: αB-crystallin (αBC) was frequently expressed in the neurons and co-localized with microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2).

Miller Fisher syndrome associated with influenza A infection.

A 36-year-old, previously healthy man presented with Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) five days after he was diagnosed with an influenza A infection by a rapid antigen test. He had not received any recent vaccinations. He had no loss of consciousness.

[Acute non-herpetic encephalitides].

"Acute non-herpetic encephalitis" was consisted of several non-herpetic encephalitides including "acute juvenile female non-herpetic encephalitis (AJFNHE)" and "non-herpetic limbic encephalitis(NHLE)". In 1997, we first reported five young adult female patients with acute non-herpetic encephalitis who presented with severe prolonged coma and status epilepticus, but achieved a good recovery. Following this report, the results of a clinical analysis on 89 serial patients with encephalitides indicated that such patients presented specific and different clinical features, including the frequent detection of anti-glutamate receptor (GluR) antibody as compared with other etiologies of encephalitis.

Depletion or preservation of cardiac sympathetic nerve - an autopsy-verified contrast in two cases of Alzheimer's disease with or without Lewy bodies.

We report autopsy findings of 2 patients with the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) both with Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. Lewy bodies and cardiac sympathetic nerve depletion were found in case 1, while these pathological changes were both absent in case 2 with pure AD pathology. This autopsy-verified contrast was detectable through reduced uptake of (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine cardiac scintigraphy as in case 1.

Selective deposition of 4-repeat tau in cerebral infarcts.

The tau deposits found in neurodegenerative diseases are classified based on their isoforms, that is, 3-repeat (3R) tau and 4-repeat (4R) tau. These isoforms are distinguishable using the antibodies RD3 and RD4, respectively, and Gallyas (Gal) and Campbell-Switzer (CS) silver staining methods, respectively. Tau is also deposited in cerebral infarcts.