Identifying the necessary capacities for the adaptation of a diabetes phenotyping algorithm in countries of differing economic development status.

Background: In 2019, the World Health Organization recognised diabetes as a clinically and pathophysiologically heterogeneous set of related diseases. Little is currently known about the diabetes phenotypes in the population of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet identifying their different risks and aetiology has great potential to guide the development of more effective, tailored prevention and treatment.

Objectives: This study reviewed the scope of diabetes datasets, health information ecosystems, and human resource capacity in four countries to assess whether a diabetes phenotyping algorithm (developed under a companion study) could be successfully applied.

Deploying an Gut Model to Assay the Impact of the Mannan-Oligosaccharide Prebiotic Bio-Mos on the Atlantic Salmon () Gut Microbiome.

Alpha mannose-oligosaccharide (MOS) prebiotics are widely deployed in animal agriculture as immunomodulators as well as to enhance growth and gut health. Their mode of action is thought to be mediated through their impact on host microbial communities and their associated metabolism. Bio-Mos is a commercially available prebiotic currently used in the agri-feed industry, but studies show contrasting results of its effect on fish performance and feed efficiency.

Patterns of menstrual cycle length over the menopause transition are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis after menopause.

Objective: Longer menstrual cycles have been associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease, supporting a contribution of abnormal ovarian function. We aimed to characterize trajectories of menstrual cycle length over the menopause transition (MT) and test whether these trajectories are associated with postmenopausal markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods: Women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Daily Hormone Study were included if they had an observed date of the final menstrual period (FMP), recorded cycle lengths from ≥2 annual menstrual cycles (mean±SD: 4.

Genome erosion and evidence for an intracellular niche - exploring the biology of mycoplasmas in Atlantic salmon.

Mycoplasmas are the smallest autonomously self-replicating life form on the planet. Members of this bacterial genus are known to parasitise a wide array of metazoans including vertebrates. Whilst much research has been significant targeted at parasitic mammalian mycoplasmas, very little is known about their role in other vertebrates.

SalmoSim: the development of a three-compartment in vitro simulator of the Atlantic salmon GI tract and associated microbial communities.

Background: The aquaculture sector now accounts for almost 50% of all fish for human consumption and is anticipated to provide 62% by 2030. Innovative strategies are being sought to improve fish feeds and feed additives to enhance fish performance, welfare, and the environmental sustainability of the aquaculture industry. There is still a lack of knowledge surrounding the importance and functionality of the teleost gut microbiome in fish nutrition.

Stakeholder collaboration in long-term care of older people in Lithuania.

Demographic situation, changes in the role of women in society and growing demand for long-term care (LTC) of older people have challenged the ability to meet the growing LTC needs in most developed countries. In countries where responsibility for LTC is still largely laid on families, it is, however, even more critical and calls for improvements in formal LTC systems. More intensive stakeholder collaboration in LTC policy development, organising and delivery are of primary importance in improving LTC systems.

Lowered progesterone metabolite excretion and a variable LH excretion pattern are associated with vasomotor symptoms but not negative mood in the early perimenopausal transition: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Objective: The menopausal transition is characterized by progressive changes in ovarian function and increasing circulating levels of gonadotropins, with some women having irregular menstrual cycles well before their final menstrual period. These observations indicate a progressive breakdown of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis often associated with an increase in menopausal symptoms. Relationships between vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and depressed mood and sleep as well as a bidirectional association between VMS and depressed mood in mid-life women have been reported, but the endocrine foundations and hormone profiles associated with these symptoms have not been well described.

Cardiovascular risk and midlife cognitive decline in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk factors in midlife have been linked to late life risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The relation of vascular risk factors on cognitive decline within midlife has been less studied.

Methods: Using data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, we examined associations of midlife hypertension, elevated lipid levels, diabetes, fasting glucose, central adiposity, and Framingham heart age with rates of cognitive decline in women who completed multiple cognitive assessments of processing speed, and working and verbal memory during midlife.

Abdominal visceral adipose tissue over the menopause transition and carotid atherosclerosis: the SWAN heart study.

Objectives: To characterize abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) trajectory relative to the final menstrual period (FMP), and to test whether menopause-related VAT accumulation is associated with greater average, common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and/or internal carotid artery intima-media thickness (ICA-IMT).

Methods: Participants were 362 women (at baseline: age was (mean ± SD) 51.1 ± 2.

Association of Longitudinal Glycemia with Diffusion Weighted Imaging Lesions in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objectives: Higher glycemia on admission has been associated with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesions in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). However, the influence of longitudinal glycemia after admission and during a patient's hospitalization on DWI lesions in sICH has not been studied. Our aim was to compare longitudinal glycemia in sICH patients with and without DWI lesions.

Is race or ethnicity associated with under-utilization of statins among women in the United States: The study of women's health across the nation.

Background: Rates of statin use among minority women are unclear.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that statin use would vary by race/ethnicity with lower rates among minority women compared with Whites.

Methods: Data from the study of women's health across the nation, a multiethnic cohort of women collected between 2009 to 2011 were used to examine reported statin use by race/ethnicity and risk profile.

Sleep medications and sleep disturbances across middle aged pre- or peri-menopausal women of different race and ethnicities: A SWAN pharmacoepidemiology cohort study.

Purpose: Sleep disturbances are common, particularly in middle aged women. Prescription medications for this indication are increasingly used, despite uncertain safety. This study assessed prescription medication use for sleep among a cohort of women with and without sleep disturbances.

The role of the gut microbiome in sustainable teleost aquaculture.

As the most diverse vertebrate group and a major component of a growing global aquaculture industry, teleosts continue to attract significant scientific attention. The growth in global aquaculture, driven by declines in wild stocks, has provided additional empirical demand, and thus opportunities, to explore teleost diversity. Among key developments is the recent growth in microbiome exploration, facilitated by advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies.

Is Midlife Metabolic Syndrome Associated With Cognitive Function Change? The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Context: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects cognitive function in late life, particularly in women. But longitudinal research is scarce on associations of MetS with cognitive function during midlife.

Objective: To determine associations between MetS exposure and cognitive function trajectories in midlife women.

Neutral Processes Dominate Microbial Community Assembly in Atlantic Salmon, .

In recent years, a wealth of studies has examined the relationships between a host and its microbiome across diverse taxa. Many studies characterize the host microbiome without considering the ecological processes that underpin microbiome assembly. In this study, the intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon, , sampled from farmed and wild environments was first characterized using 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing analysis.

Impact of Chronic Medical Condition Development on Longitudinal Physical Function from Mid- to Early Late-Life: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Background: Chronic medical conditions (CMCs) often emerge and accumulate during the transition from mid- to late-life, and the resulting multimorbidity can greatly impact physical function. We assessed the association of CMC presence and incidence on trajectories of physical function from mid- to early late-life in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Methods: Physical function was assessed at eight clinic visits (average 14 years follow-up) using the physical function subscale of the Short Form-36.

Blood pressure lowering medication initiation and fracture risk: a SWAN pharmacoepidemiology study.

Unlabelled: We examined the fracture risk after initiation of blood pressure-lowering drugs compared with initiation of antidepressants. Multivariable regression models demonstrated an increased risk of fracture among women initiating a blood pressure-lowering medication (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.

Does Season of Reported Dietary Intake Influence Diet Quality? Analysis From the Women's Health Initiative.

We evaluated the role of seasonality in self-reported diet quality among postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). A total of 156,911 women completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at enrollment (1993-1998). FFQ responses reflected intake over the prior 3-month period, and seasons were defined as spring (March-May), summer (June-August), fall (September-November), and winter (December-February).

Sleep, Health, and Metabolism in Midlife Women and Menopause: Food for Thought.

Sleep and metabolism are essential components of health. Metabolic health depends largely on individual's lifestyle. Disturbances in sleep health, such as changes in sleep patterns that are associated with menopause/reproductive aging and chronologic aging, may have metabolic health consequences.

PROTRACTED ACUTE HYPERVOLEMIC HYPERNATREMIA UNMASKED AFTER VASOPRESSIN THERAPY: CASE REPORT, LITERATURE REVIEW, AND PROPOSED ALGORITHMIC APPROACH.

Objective: Acute hypervolemic hypernatremia (HHN) is the most common form of hypernatremia in critical care settings. Previous reports implicated acute kidney injury and vasopressin withdrawal-induced central diabetes insipidus.

Methods: We present the case of a 52-year-old woman who developed HHN after treatment of septic shock due to complicated bowel perforation.

Development of a lifestyle intervention for the metabolic syndrome: Discovery through proof-of-concept.

Objective: The aim was to describe the early phases of the progressive development of a lifestyle treatment for sustained remission of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) using the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model for behavioral treatment development as a guide.

Methods: Early discovery and design phases produced a 3-component (diet, physical activity, stress), group-based lifestyle treatment with an intensive 6-month phase followed by monthly, participant-led maintenance meetings. In the proof-of-concept phase, 26 participants with the MetS (age 53 ± 7 years, 77% female, and 65% ethnic minority) were recruited in a quasi-experimental design to determine if treatment could achieve the prespecified benchmark of MetS remission in ≥50% at 2.

Physical activity modifies genetic susceptibility to obesity in postmenopausal women.

Objective: We conducted a gene-environment interaction study to evaluate whether the association of body mass index (BMI) associated meta genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (as a genetic risk score) and BMI is modified by physical activity and age.

Methods: In 8,206 women of European ancestry from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), we used linear regression to examine main effects of the 95 SNP BMI genetic risk score (GRS) and physical activity on BMI, and evaluated whether genetic associations are modified by physical activity (two-way interaction) and age (three-way interaction).

Results: We found evidence for modification of the BMI GRS-BMI association according to both physical activity and age.

Menstrual Cycle Hormone Changes in Women Traversing Menopause: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Context: Menstrual cycle hormone patterns in women approaching menopause are inadequately studied.

Objective: To describe day-to-day menstrual cycle hormones in women as they approach menopause from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Daily Hormone Study (DHS).

Design: DHS enrollees collected daily urine for one entire menstrual cycle or up to 50 days, whichever came first, annually, up to the final menstrual period (FMP) or for up to 10 years.

Beverage Intake and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Over 14 Years: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Background: Alcohol and energy-dense beverages consumption have been implicated in cardiometabolic disease, albeit inconsistently.

Objective: This study tested prospective associations between intakes of alcohol, energy-dense beverages, and low-calorie beverages and cardiometabolic risk in midlife women.

Design: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation is a 14-year, multisite prospective cohort study (1996-2011).

Race/ethnic comparisons of waist-to-height ratio for cardiometabolic screening: The study of women's health across the nation.

Objective: To compare the performance of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for cardiometabolic conditions - hypertension, prediabetes/diabetes, dyslipidemia, and subclinical inflammation - in 5 race/ethnic groups of mid-life women.

Methods: Waist-to-height ratio and 4 cardiometabolic conditions were assessed in 3033 premenopausal midlife women (249 Hispanic, 226 Chinese, 262 Japanese, 1435 European-American, and 861 African American). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were compared across the five race/ethnic groups using waist-to-height ratio to determine the likelihood of the four cardiometabolic conditions.