Linearly chirped tapered fiber-Bragg-grating-based Fabry-Perot cavity and its application in simultaneous strain and temperature measurement.

A novel concept of a Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity composed of two linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings written in a thermally fused fiber taper is presented. Both chirped gratings are written in counter-directional chirp configuration, where chirps resulting from the optical fiber taper profile and linearly increasing grating periods cancel each other out, forming a high-quality F-P resonator. A new strain-sensing mechanism is proposed in the presented structure, which is based on strain-induced detuning of the F-P resonator.

Numerical analysis of double chirp effect in tapered and linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings.

In this paper, a theoretical analysis of recently developed tapered chirped fiber Bragg gratings (TCFBG) written in co-directional and counter-directional configurations is presented. In particular, the effects of the synthesis of chirps resulting from both a fused taper profile and a linearly chirped fringe pattern of the induced refractive index changes within the fiber core are extensively examined. For this purpose, a numerical model based on the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the coupled mode theory (CMT) was developed for such a grating.

Numerical model of tapered fiber Bragg gratings for comprehensive analysis and optimization of their sensing and strain-induced tunable dispersion properties.

A versatile numerical model for spectral transmission/reflection, group delay characteristic analysis, and design of tapered fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) is presented. This approach ensures flexibility with defining both distribution of refractive index change of the gratings (including apodization) and shape of the taper profile. Additionally, sensing and tunable dispersion properties of the TFBGs were fully examined, considering strain-induced effects.

Fenestration and duplication of the vertebral artery: the anatomical and clinical points of view.

The vertebral artery (VA) acts as a foundation for the posterior circulation of the head and neck. It presents a number of anomalies that can be easily visualized thanks to modern imaging techniques, such as MR and CT angiography or color Doppler ulrasonography. Determining the appropriate terminology for those anomalies can be sometimes more challenging than their recognition.

Sexual dimorphism of the suprascapular notch - morphometric study.

Introduction: The concept of the study was to compare the morphometry of the suprascapular notch (SSN) in females and males because its size and shape may be a factor in suprascapular nerve entrapment.

Material And Methods: The measurements of 81 scapulae included morphological length and width, maximal width and length projection of the scapular spine, and width and length of the glenoid cavity. The width-length scapular and glenoid cavity indices were calculated.

A proposal for classification of the superior transverse scapular ligament: variable morphology and its potential influence on suprascapular nerve entrapment.

Background: The suprascapular region is the most common site of suprascapular nerve entrapment. The aim of the present study was to determine the morphologic variation of the superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) and measure the reduction in size of the suprascapular opening. Other structures that might be potentially significant during open and arthroscopic procedures in this region are also described.

Coexistence of the suprascapular notch and the suprascapular foramen--a rare anatomical variation and a new hypothesis on its formation based on anatomical and radiological studies.

The suprascapular notch is the most common site of suprascapular nerve entrapment, which can manifest in disability and pain of the upper limb. Here, we present three cases of a very rare anatomical variation in the suprascapular region: the coexistence of the suprascapular notch and the suprascapular foramen. The variation was found during radiological and anatomical investigations.

Duplication of the left vertebral artery in a patient with dissection of the right internal carotid artery and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: case report and review of the literature.

Duplication of the left vertebral artery was observed in a 43-year-old Caucasian male with dissection of the right internal carotid artery during multidetector 64-row computer tomography and Doppler ultrasonography B-flow mode. Both duplicated segments arose from the left subclavian artery and united at levels C5-C6 to form a single vessel. The presented case describes precisely the origin and diameter of both vertebral arteries.

Variable morphology of the anterior coracoscapular ligament - a proposal of classification.

Introduction: The suprascapular region is the most common site of compression and injury to the suprascapular nerve. This often results in suprascapular nerve entrapment, a possible risk factor being the anterior coracoscapular ligament (ACSL), a structure that runs in the suprascapular notch, below the superior transverse scapular ligament. The aim of the present study is to determine morphological variation of the ACSL and to measure the reduction in size of the suprascapular opening of specimens exhibiting it.

Variations in bifid superior transverse scapular ligament as a possible factor of suprascapular entrapment: an anatomical study.

Purpose: The suprascapular region is the most common place for suprascapular nerve entrapment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of the superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) on the reduced space for suprascapular nerve passage at the suprascapular notch. Additionally, we precisely described other structures that seem important during arthroscopic and open procedures in this region.

The double suprascapular foramen: unique anatomical variation and the new hypothesis of its formation.

A unique anatomical variation of the suprascapular notch was discovered in one scapula from 610 analyzed by three-dimensional CT reconstruction. Two bony bridges were found, converting it into a double suprascapular foramen, in the left upper extremity of an 56-year-old Caucasian female. This variation might be a risk factor for suprascapular nerve entrapment.

Morphometric study of the suprascapular notch: proposal of classification.

Introduction: The size and shape of the suprascapular notch (SSN) may be a factor in suprascapular nerve entrapment. The aim of the study was to determine the variation of the SSN of 86 scapulae in the Polish people.

Methods: A total of 86 human scapulae were included in the study.

Angioarchitecture of the bovine spermatic cord.

We described the topography and morphometry of the testicular artery, pampiniform plexus veins, and indirect connections between them in the spermatic cord of the bull. Sixty microcorrosive casts of bovine spermatic cords were analyzed macroscopically, by stereomicroscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy. The average size of the testicles was 94.

Angioarchitecture of the bovine tunica albuginea vascular complex--a corrosive and histological study.

Histological and corrosive studies of 75 bovine testes were focused on the vascular complex of the tunica albuginea. Thanks to used MultiScanBase v.14.

[The role of plantar calcaneonavicular ligament complex in the development of the adult flat foot--anatomical study].

Acquired adult flat foot, despite numerous research projects, is a controversial clinical entity. Recently the role of plantar calcaneonavicular ligament complex (spring ligament) in stabilization of the longitudinal arch of the foot has drawn an attention. Since there are differences in anatomical description of his complex in the literature, the main aim of our study was to anatomically evaluate this complex.

Application of neural networks for the analysis of intravascular ultrasound and histological aortic wall appearance-an in vitro tissue characterization study.

The role of tissue characterization by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging of the aortic wall has not been well established. The artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a promising tool for image classification. The aim of the study was to assess the texture correlation between matching IVUS and histologic images of the aortic wall.

The occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation to certain anthropometric parameters of the human femur.

The purpose of the study was to analyse the occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation with the morphology of the human femur. The third trochanter was found in 38 of 622 (6.2%) human femora taken from 3 excavation sites.

[Intravascular ultrasound imaging and histological evaluation of the aorta].

Unlabelled: It has been shown in several in-vitro studies that IVUS images correlate well with histology and angioscopy. The existing data on intravascular imaging of large-diameter elastic arteries are scant. The aim of this study was to compare the IVUS images of aorta with the reference method--histological section by evaluating the accuracy of measurements performed at corresponding aortic segments.

The human testicular artery and the pampiniform plexus--where is the connection?

The aim of the study was the microscopic evaluation of the human spermatic cord vessels, with special attention to the connection between the testicular artery and the veins of the pampiniform plexus. We used the corrosive cast method to visualise the angioarchitecture of the spermatic cord. Casts were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope.

Intravascular ultrasound assessment of blood vessel morphology.

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an invasive imaging technique, characterized by the ability to depict the tomographic section of blood vessels' lumen and wall. Thus, it enables the performance of a unique in-vivo assessment of the luminal area and three-layer wall morphology, as well as atherosclerosis within the vessel. The typical composition of an IVUS image and the measurements of observed structures have been shown to correlate well with histology and angioscopy in several in vitro studies.

Sciatic nerve variations in some studies on the Polish population and its statistical significance.

The purpose of the study was to describe and analyse sciatic nerve variation in a relatively small, yet statistically significant, group. Consequently, a comparison of described variation to that known from former studies was performed. Additionally, we estimated the minimum group necessary for a statistical confirmation of hypothetical differences in sciatic nerve topography between the studies.

Evaluation of several methods used in anatomical investigations of the blood and lymphatic vessels.

The aim of this review is to describe the advantages and limitations of several methods used in anatomical investigations of intravisceral blood and lymphatic networks. The microangiographic methods as well as corrosion methods are described. In conclusion the authors confirmed that the most useful way for exploration of the blood and lymphatic vessels is to prepare corrosion casts.

Evaluation of extralaryngeal diameters in senile individuals.

The aim of the study was a morphometrical macroscopic evaluation of extralaryngeal diameters in elderly people, according to its usefulness in ORL diagnostic and operational methods. Laryngeal preparations together with surrounding structures were taken from cadavers of both sexes, aged 65 and over, about 24 hours after death. Clinically important extralaryngeal diameters were collected using common morphometrical methods.