Corrosion Monitoring in Petroleum Installations-Practical Analysis of the Methods.

This paper presents the most typical corrosion mechanisms occurring in the petroleum industry. The methods of corrosion monitoring are described for particular corrosion mechanisms. The field and scope of the application of given corrosion-monitoring methods are provided in detail.

Ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition of Cu-Sn-TiO nanocomposite coatings with enhanced antibacterial activity.

Copper-based coatings are known for their high antibacterial activity. In this study, nanocomposite Cu-Sn-TiO coatings were obtained by electrodeposition from an oxalic acid bath additionally containing 4 g/dm TiO with mechanical and ultrasonic agitation. Ultrasound treatment was performed at 26 kHz frequency and 32 W/dm power.

Classification of submandibular salivary stones based on ultrastructural studies.

Introduction: Sialolithiasis remains a clinical problem with unclear etiopathogenesis, lack of prevention methods, and only surgical treatment.

Materials And Methods: An ultrastructure examination of submandibular sialoliths obtained from patients with chronic sialolithiasis was conducted using a scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Results: Based on the results, we divided sialoliths into three types: calcified (CAL), organic/lipid (LIP), and mixed (MIX).

Ultrastructural analysis of the submandibular sialoliths: Raman spectroscopy and electron back-scatter studies.

The aim of work was the epidemiological analysis of the occurrence of sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland in adults and the evaluation of the ultrastructure of salivary stones. The study sample consisted of 44 sialoliths. Analysis of the structure and chemical composition of sialoliths was performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope and Raman Spectroscopy.

High-Temperature Oxidation of Heavy Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: Microstructural and Electrochemical Performance Modification.

In this work, we reveal in detail the effects of high-temperature treatment in air at 600 °C on the microstructure as well as the physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The thermal treatment of freshly grown BDD electrodes was applied, resulting in permanent structural modifications of surface depending on the exposure time. High temperature affects material corrosion, inducing crystal defects.

Ni/cerium Molybdenum Oxide Hydrate Microflakes Composite Coatings Electrodeposited From Choline Chloride: Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent.

Cerium molybdenum oxide hydrate microflakes are codeposited with nickel from a deep eutectic solvent-based bath. During seven days of exposure in 0.05 M NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of composite coating (Ni/CeMoOxide) is slightly reduced, due to the existence of some microcracks caused by large microflakes.

Multifrequency nanoscale impedance microscopy (m-NIM): A novel approach towards detection of selective and subtle modifications on the surface of polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes.

In this paper, we describe the modification of Nanoscale Impedance Microscopy (NIM), namely, a combination of contact-mode atomic force microscopy with local impedance measurements. The postulated approach is based on the application of multifrequency voltage perturbation instead of standard frequency-by-frequency analysis, which among others offers more time-efficient and accurate determination of the resultant impedance spectra with high spatial resolution. Based on the impedance spectra analysis with an appropriate electric equivalent circuit, it was possible to map surface resistance and contact capacitance.

Implementation and validation of multisinusoidal, fast impedance measurements in atomic force microscope contact mode.

This study presents a novel approach to impedance measurements. The methodology discussed is limited to contact in the sample-probe system under ambient conditions without the presence of electrolyte. Comparison with results of direct and alternating current measurements for well-defined metallic surfaces are made.

Application of dynamic impedance spectroscopy to scanning probe microscopy.

Dynamic impedance spectroscopy, designed for measuring nonstationary systems, was used in combination with scanning probe microscopy. Using this approach, impedance mapping could be carried-out simultaneously with topography scanning. Therefore, correlation of electrical properties with particular phases of an examined sample was possible.

Dynamic nanoimpedance characterization of the atomic force microscope tip-surface contact.

Nanoimpedance measurements, using the dynamic impedance spectroscopy technique, were carried out during loading and unloading force of a probe on three kinds of materials of different resistivity. These materials were: gold, boron-doped diamond, and AISI 304 stainless steel. Changes of impedance spectra versus applied force were registered and differences in the tip-to-sample contact character on each material were revealed.

Improving AFM images with harmonic interference by spectral analysis.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is one of the most sensitive tools for nanoscale imaging. As such, it is very sensitive to external noise sources that can affect the quality of collected data. The intensity of the disturbance depends on the noise source and the mode of operation.

Application of dynamic impedance spectroscopy to atomic force microscopy.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a universal imaging technique, while impedance spectroscopy is a fundamental method of determining the electrical properties of materials. It is useful to combine those techniques to obtain the spatial distribution of an impedance vector. This paper proposes a new combining approach utilizing multifrequency scanning and simultaneous AFM scanning of an investigated surface.