Neuroprotective Effects of Lacosamide and Memantine on Hyperoxic Brain Injury in Rats.

In neonates supraphysiological oxygen therapy has been demonstrated to cause neuronal death in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and retrosplenial cortex. There is a need for the detection of novel neuroprotective drugs. Neuroprotective effects of lacosamide or memantine have been demonstrated in adult patients with ischemia, trauma and status epilepticus.

The effects of perinatal steroid therapy on growth factor levels during different stages of the developing brain.

Objective: Excess glucocorticoid (GC) exposure on the fetal brain during critical stages of development has considerable effects on the development of the central nervous system (CNS). This study thus aimed to evaluate the differential effects of GC exposure on critical growth factor levels during different stages of brain maturation.

Methods: For this purpose, forty-two rat pups were divided into six groups based on the timing of betamethasone administration.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerín vaccination: a novel therapeutic approach to preventing hyperoxic lung injury.

Objective: A growing body of evidence suggests that vaccinations play a role in the normal maturation of the immune system and in both the development and balance of immune regulatory pathways that can impact health later in life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerín (BCG) vaccine on the hyperoxia-induced neonatal rat lung injury.

Methods: Four groups were defined as hyperoxia-exposed BCG-vaccinated, hyperoxia-exposed placebo, room air-exposed control and room air-exposed BCG-vaccinated group.

Zonisamide attenuates hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in the developing rat brain.

Oxygen therapy used in the treatment of perinatal hypoxia induces neurodegeneration in babies with immature antioxidant mechanisms. Zonisamide is a new antiepileptic drug used in childhood intractable seizures. Many studies demonstrated its neuroprotective effects.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents apoptotic cell death in the developing rat brain after pentylenetetrazole-induced status epilepticus.

Population-based studies suggest that seizure incidence is highest during the first year of life, and early-life seizures frequently result in the development of epilepsy and behavioral alterations later in life. The early-life insults like status epilepticus often lead to epileptogenesis, a process in which initial brain injury triggers cascades of molecular, cellular, and network changes and eventually spontaneous seizures. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is an active component of propolis obtained from honeybees and has neuroprotective properties.

Effects of pentoxifylline on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the renoprotective effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) in gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephropathy. On this purpose, 26 female Wistar rats (200-250 g) were included and four groups were formed. The first one was the control group (n:5).

RHAMM Expression in the Rat Endometrium during the Estrous Cycle and following Implantation.

Background: Receptor for hyaluronic acid mediated motility (RHAMM) has intracellular and extracellular functions. In this study, we focus on the expression of RHAMM in the rat uterus during estrous cycle and implantation period.

Methods: The female adult rats were divided into six groups following estrous cycle determination (n = 36).

Erythropoietin prevents lymphoid apoptosis but has no effect on survival in experimental sepsis.

Background: Lymphoid apoptosis in sepsis is associated with poor outcome, and prevention of apoptosis frequently improves survival in experimental models of sepsis. Recently, erythropoietin (EPO) was shown to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mortality. As cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is a clinically more relevant model of sepsis, we evaluated the effect of EPO on CLP-induced lymphoid tissue apoptosis and mortality.

Protective effects of pentoxifylline on lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury in a rat model of periventricular leukomalasia.

Objective: To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of maternal pentoxifylline (PNTX) treatment in endotoxin-induced periventricular leukomalasia (PVL) in the developing rat brain.

Method: Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide was administered on two of three Wistar pregnant rats to establish PVL. To obtain PNTX-treated group, one of the two dams were injected with PNTX.

Effects of lipoic acid in an experimentally induced hypertensive and diabetic rat model.

In this study, experimental diabetes and nephrectomy have been applied separately and together in order to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of lipoic acid (LA) on hypertensive and diabetic rat kidneys. Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: control, diabetes mellitus (DM), 5/6 nephrectomy, DM + 5/6 nephrectomy, LA administration, DM + LA treated, 5/6 nephrectomy + LA treated, and DM + 5/6 nephrectomy + LA-treated groups, respectively. Renal damage was evaluated histomorphometrically, ultrastructurally, and biochemically.

Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin on nandrolone decanoate-induced brain injury in rats.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used in the medical treatment of many disorders. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hematopoietic cytokine that has anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of EPO in the hippocampus, parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex, in brain damage due to nandrolone decanoate.

Role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Background: DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most identified modifications that selectively activate or inactivate genes that control cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis.

Aim: We hypothesized that alterations in gene expression due to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage was regulated by epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone methylation.

Study Design: To test this hypothesis, we established a rat model of HIE.

Maternal aerobic exercise during pregnancy can increase spatial learning by affecting leptin expression on offspring's early and late period in life depending on gender.

Maternal exercise during pregnancy has been suggested to exert beneficial effects on brain functions of the offspring. Leptin is an adipocytokine which is secreted from adipose tissues and has positive effects on learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. In this study, pregnant rats were moderately exercised and we observed the effects of this aerobic exercise on their prepubertal and adult offsprings' spatial learning, hippocampal neurogenesis, and expression of leptin.

Protective effects of bilirubin in an experimental rat model of pyelonephritis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of bilirubin in a rat model of pyelonephritis.

Methods: Experimental pyelonephritis was induced in 32 wistar rats and 4 groups were formed: group 1 (no treatment), group 2 (antibiotic), group 3 (bilirubin), and group 4 (antibiotic + bilirubin). Antibiotic was given on days 3 to 8, and bilirubin was administered between days 0 and 8 of bacterial inoculation.

Maternal prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation attenuates hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in the developing rat brain.

Supraphysiologic amounts of oxygen negatively influences brain maturation and development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether maternal ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 FA) supplementation during pregnancy protects the developing brain against hyperoxic injury. Thirty-six rat pups from six different dams were divided into six groups according to the diet modifications and hyperoxia exposure.

The effect of Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on endotoxemia-induced intestinal apoptosis in infant rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 on the intestinal apoptosis in endotoxemic infant rats. Wistar albino 15-17-day-old rat pups (n = 21) were randomized to three experimental groups: (1) controls; (2) endotoxemia (LPS); and (3) endotoxemia treated with Y-27632 (LPS + Y-27632). Endotoxemia was induced in rats by intraperitoneal (i.

Effects of neotrofin on neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury.

Hypoxia-ischemia is a major cause of perinatal brain injury in the newborn. Neotrofin, a neurotrophin agonist, has been shown to provide neuroprotection in several in vivo and in vitro studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective and ameliorating effects of neotrofin treatment after hypoxic-ischemic-injury-induced neuronal cell death, apoptosis in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury rat model.

Effect of leptin treatment on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective and ameliorating effects of leptin treatment in hypoxic-ischemic injury induced neuronal cell death.

Methods: Experimental groups in the study were: sham-operated group, leptin treated hypoxia-ischemia group, and vehicle treated hypoxia-ischemia group. In hypoxia-ischemia group, left common carotid artery was ligated permanently on the seventh postnatal day.

Neuroprotective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin in the developing brain of rat after lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus.

Status epilepticus triggers a mixture of apoptotic and necrotic cell death within the hippocampus. This neuronal loss may result in the development of epilepsy and cognitive deficits. Erythropoietin mediates a number of biological actions within the central nervous system and has been shown to be neuroprotective.

The effect of melatonin on experimentally-induced myringosclerosis in rats.

Objectives: This study determined the preventive effect of melatonin on the occurrence of experimentally-induced myringosclerosis of the tympanic membrane (TM).

Materials And Methods: Twenty Wistar albino-type rats weighing approximately 300 g each were randomly separated into two groups and myringotomized on the left TMs: group 1 rats (n=6) received intraperitoneal melatonin injections 10 mg/kg/day whereas group 2 rats (n=12) were treated with physiological serum only. The remaining two rats were served as the control group for histological comparison and standardization.

Activated protein C reduces intestinal injury in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is a devastating intestinal disease of premature infants. Although activated protein C (APC) is well defined as a physiologic anticoagulant, emerging data suggest that it also has cytoprotective, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. There is no study on active protein C administration for necrotizing enterocolitis in animal models.

Protective effects of methylxanthines on hypoxia-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and long-term cognitive functions in the developing rat brain.

Aminophylline is widely used in the management of premature apnea. The methylxanthines aminophylline, theophylline and caffeine are nonspecific inhibitors of adenosine receptors. There are no proven effects of methylxanthines on acute brain injury and long-term cognitive functions.

The effect of sumatriptan on nitric oxide synthase enzyme production after iatrogenic inflammation in the brain stem of adolescent rats: A randomized, controlled, experimental study.

Background: Migraine is a common disabling disorder of childhood and adolescence. Despite advances in the understanding of migraine pathophysiology, treatment remains a challenge.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the production of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes in the brain stem of adolescent rats, using an experimental model of migraine, and the effect of sumatriptan pretreatment on the production of the NOS enzymes.

Effectiveness of royal jelly on tympanic membrane perforations: an experimental study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparison of the efficacy of royal jelly in a guinea pig tympanic membrane perforation model with untreated and control groups.

Study Design: Prospective study using 16 adult guinea pigs.

Methods: Each animal underwent subtotal removal of the tympanic membrane in one ear.