Effect of ankle versus thigh tourniquets on post-operative pain in foot and ankle surgery.

Background: Tourniquets are commonly used in elective extremity orthopaedic surgery to reduce blood loss, improve visualization in the surgical field, and to potentially reduce surgical time. There is a lack of consensus in existing guidelines regarding the optimal tourniquet pressure, placement site, and duration of use. There is a paucity of data on the relationship between the site of a tourniquet and postoperative pain in foot and ankle surgery.

Hormonal Responses to Infection in Cultivars Differing in Their Pathogen Resistance.

Hormonal dynamics after infection were compared in two cultivars-more resistant SY Alister and more sensitive Hornet, in order to elucidate responses associated with efficient defense. Both cultivars responded to infection by the early transient elevation of active cytokinins (predominantly -zeatin) and auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaves and roots, which was longer in Hornet. Moderate IAA levels in Hornet roots coincided with a high expression of biosynthetic gene (contrary to , , ).

[Conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria in the environment and their effect on living organisms].

Since 1968 when bovine tuberculosis was eliminated in the Czech Republic, the epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis has been stabilized. At present the incidence of the disease in men and animals caused by conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria is worldwide increasing. In human population, especially people with impaired immunity are affected.

The tuberculin test.

Tuberculin tests in general use today rely on the response to intradermal injections of tuberculin with assessment of the injection site for swelling at 72 hours post injection. Estimates of the sensitivity of tuberculin tests range from 68-95% while specificity is estimated to be 96-99%. The sensitivity of the test is affected by the potency and dose of tuberculin administered, the interval post-infection, desensitisation, deliberate interference, post-partum immunosuppression and observer variation.

Mycobacterium hiberniae sp. nov.

Strains of a new type of slowly growing scotochromogenic, rose-pink-pigmented mycobacterium were isolated repeatedly from sphagnum vegetation, true moss, and soil in Ireland. These strains grew at 22, 31, and 37 degrees C but not at 45 degrees C and possessed acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities. They reduced nitrate, tolerated 0.

Isolation of Mycobacterium simiae from the environment.

An examination of 18 sphagnum samples collected in two different biotopes of the coastal region of southeastern Madagascar revealed an unexpectedly high positivity for mycobacteria (83.3%). The concentration of alcohol acid-fast bacilli reached a high level of 10(5) and 10(6)/g, respectively, compared with the sphagnum biotopes in moderate climates.

Phylogeny of rapidly growing members of the genus Mycobacterium.

The 16S rRNAs from nine rapidly growing Mycobacterium species were partially sequenced by using the dideoxynucleotide-terminated, primer extension method with cDNA generated by reverse transcriptase. The sequences were aligned with 47 16S rRNA or DNA sequences that represented 30 previously described and 5 undescribed species of the genus Mycobacterium, and a dendrogram was constructed by using equally weighted distance values. Our results confirmed the phylogenetic separation of the rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria and showed that the majority of the slowly growing members of the genus represent the most recently evolved organisms.

Mycobacterium cookii sp. nov.

Strains of a new type of slowly growing scotochromogenic mycobacterium were isolated repeatedly from sphagnum vegetation and surface water of moors in New Zealand. These strains grew at 31 and 22 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C and possessed catalase, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities. They did not split amides, and most of them were susceptible to antituberculotic drugs.

Acid-fast bacilli found in sphagnum vegetation of coastal Norway containing Mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid-I.

In the grey layer of sphagnum vegetation originating from former leprosy-endemic regions of coastal Norway, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) containing Mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) on the surface have been found. These AFB survived in foot pads of nude mice with multiplication but without swelling. This contrasts to experimental leprosy with clinically derived M.

Evidence for phagosome-lysosome fusion in Mycobacterium leprae-infected murine Schwann cells.

Murine Schwann cells were infected with viable armadillo-derived Mycobacterium leprae in vitro, and the lysosomal marker enzyme, acid phosphatase, was stained by the Gomori reaction. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that Schwann cells infected with M. leprae possess acid phosphatase and that lysosomes fuse with infected phagosomes.

The primary structure of the 16SrRNA of Mycobacterium leprae: its use in phylogeny and development of DNA probes.

Two long stretches of the 16S from Mycobacterium leprae were sequenced using reverses transcriptase and the chain termination technique. Homology values were calculated for 11 cultivable mycobacteria and a phylogenetic tree constructed from evolutionary distance values (Knuc). Slow and fast growing mycobacteria used in this study form a taxonomic unit but were phylogenetically well separated.

Mycobacteria in pond waters as a source of non-specific reactions to bovine tuberculin in New Zealand.

When 71 samples were collected from ponds throughout New Zealand, 35 (49.3%) were found to contain mycobacteria. The majority of these strains (62.

Molecular-genetic evidence for the relationship of Mycobacterium leprae to slow-growing pathogenic mycobacteria.

A total of 1170 nucleotides of the 16S rRNA from Mycobacterium leprae were compared to the homologous regions of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis Vallée, M.

The simultaneous inoculation of Mycobacterium leprae and M. intracellulare into nude mice: development of cutaneous leproma and accelleration of foot pad swelling.

Organisms of the non-pathogenic Mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 19 Darden enhanced the pathogenicity of M. leprae when inoculated together into the foot pads of nude mice. This supporting effect could be demonstrated by an accelleration of foot pad swelling, beginning 4 months after inoculation and by the development of cutaneous leproma on dorsal and lateral body sites within 6 months after inoculation.

Presence of "difficult to isolate" mycobacteria in armadillos.

Contrary to the findings with armadillos from Louisiana and Texas, armadillos from Florida are free of natural leprosy-like infection. Examination of ear clip, nasal, blood buffy coat, liver and spleen of inoculated armadillos from Florida did not reveal the presence of any acid fast bacteria. However, using massive inocula, 6 out of 77 armadillo tissues were found to contain very negligible proportions of cultivable mycobacteria.