[Postoperative foreign objects in the abdominal cavity].

The study was designed to elucidate the circumstances under which iatrogenic foreign objects can be mistakenly left inside the patient's body after surgical interventions and to outline measures to prevent such errors. The data obtained in forensic medical examination of two cases of urgent surgery on abdominal organs are analysed. They indicate that the main causes of leaving behind foreign bodies in a patient include improper organization of emergency medical aid, personal qualities of the surgeon, and psycho-emotional atmosphere during the operation.

[Defects of providing surgical care for closed injuries of the abdomen].

The aim of the work was to study defects of providing surgical care for closed injuries of the abdomen. An analysis of 19 reports of forensic medical examinations and 125 medical inpatients' cards helped to establish the leading causes of unfavorable outcomes of treatment and ways of improvement of the quality of providing medical care to such patients.

[Defects in conducting case histories in urgent abdominal surgery and their importance].

Information available in case histories is of great importance, e.g. for court examinations on "medical suits".

[Choice of treatment in achalasia of the cardia].

Results of examination and treatment of 120 patients with cardiac achalasia (CA) are described. The investigation included 13 patients with the I stage of CA, 35 patients with the II stage, 50 patients with the III stage and 22 patients with the IV stage. Indications were established to cardiodilatation and operative treatment of CA.

[Patterns of adaptive mobilization of proteins from skeletal muscles during development of compensatory hypertrophy of internal organs].

These studies were dealing with muscle protein depletion in rats under the heart hypertrophy induced by aorta coarctation or under liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The last experimental model was also used in order to establish how far such protein mobilization from muscles is realized during their simultaneous adaptation to local overload or disuse induced by a surgical method. 3 and 7 days after induction of hypertrophy of organs investigated, the quantities of sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar and stroma proteins were measured in last-twitch (m.

[Operation of systems for purification of sewage and surface waters based on sorption-oxidative technology].

A universal scheme for the treatment of water containing different concentrations of organic compounds is described. The treatment is based on the principle of the water saturation with an active oxidant followed by aerobic purification in units with microflora fixed on active carbon. Active chlorine forming during the electrochemical treatment provides the water disinfection and plays the role of a source of the formation of monatomic and molecular oxygen during the dechlorination.

[Problems of ecology. Technology of submerged biological treatment of sewage].

A technological process is described for the submerged biological treatment of household and industrial sewage and in particular pharmaceutical industry and pooled sewage. The submerged biological treatment of the sewage to the maximum permissible concentrations adopted for the water in fish farming is achieved by the use of submerged and immobilized microorganisms in a multistage process under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and the use of chemically active and inert materials as carriers of the microorganisms inducing certain biological processes. The data on the ecological estimation of the treated sewage by the stages of the technological process are presented.

[The dynamics of the body distribution of heparin and its antagonist, the quaternary ammonium salt of conidine oligomer-25, when administered via the lungs].

The distribution in the organism of radioactivity after intratracheal administration of labelled heparin and its quarterly ammonium salt oligomer-25 conidine was studied. Within 25 hours the preservation of a high level of radioactivity in plasma, its decrease in other investigated organs and the accumulation in mast cells of the peritoneal cavity were observed. The involvement of the lymphatic system in heparin metabolism was shown.

[Metabolism of skeletal muscle proteins in experimental hypokinesia in rats].

Using a radioindicator method, the metabolism of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins was studied in vivo at different stages of hypokinesia in rats. It was shown that the true muscle atrophy and the lowered content of both protein fractions during the first two weeks are due to sharp inhibition of sarcoplasmic protein biosynthesis as well as to deceleration of biosynthesis and acceleration of degradation of actomyosin. In hypokinesia the muscle mass does not increase within 3-8 weeks largely due to the acceleration of degradation of the de novo synthesized components of contractile proteins.

[Effect of hydrocortisone on protein metabolism in skeletal muscles].

Using a radioindicator method the authors studied the effects of hydrocortisone on the synthesis and breakdown of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins in white (m. extensor digitorum longus) and red (m. soleus) functioning and idle skeletal muscles of rats.

[Metabolic mechanisms of different types of disuse muscular atrophy].

Radiotracer studies in vivo on protein biosynthesis have been made in red (m. soleus) and white (m. extensor digitorum longus) rat shin muscles during their disuse atrophy caused by foot exarticulation.

[Effect of prolonged weightlessness on protein metabolism in rat red and white skeletal muscles].

With the aid of C14-leucine incorporation into proteins the protein synthesis in the red (m. soleus) and white (m. extensor dig.

[Effect of long-term space flight on protein biosynthesis in different rat tissues and organs].

Protein synthesis in the heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, kidneys, skeletal muscles and testes of the 22-day Cosmos-605 flight and synchronous rats was studied with the aif of 14C-amino acid incorporation. On the 2nd postflight day both flight and synchronous rats showed an increased synthesis of heart sarcoplasmatic proteins. On the 26th postflight day the rate of incorporation was normal.

[Biosynthesis of proteins and ribonucleic acids in red and white rat skeletal muscles].

Protein biosynthesis is studied in red and white rat shank muscles in vitro. It is found that the incorporation rate of 14C-lysine in red muscle was 2-fold higher than that in white muscle. The difference in the lysine incorporation rate into muscle proteins studied increased with the increase of lysine molar concentration in the incubation medium, which was probably due to a selective protein synthesis activation in the red muscle.