Evaluating GPT-V4 (GPT-4 with Vision) on Detection of Radiologic Findings on Chest Radiographs.

Background Generating radiologic findings from chest radiographs is pivotal in medical image analysis. The emergence of OpenAI's generative pretrained transformer, GPT-4 with vision (GPT-4V), has opened new perspectives on the potential for automated image-text pair generation. However, the application of GPT-4V to real-world chest radiography is yet to be thoroughly examined.

Teriparatide and pelvic fracture healing: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Pelvic fracture patients were randomized to blinded daily subcutaneous teriparatide (TPTD) or placebo to assess healing and functional outcomes over 3 months. With TPTD, there was no evidence of improved healing by CT or pain reduction; however, physical performance improved with TPTD but not placebo (group difference p < 0.03).

Parsonage-turner syndrome associated with SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection.

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (PTS), also known as idiopathic brachial plexopathy or neuralgic amyotrophy, is an uncommon condition characterized by acute onset of shoulder pain, most commonly unilateral, which may progress to neurologic deficits such as weakness and paresthesias (Feinberg and Radecki, 2010 [1]). Although the etiology and pathophysiology of PTS remains unclear, the syndrome has been reported in the postoperative, postinfectious, and post-vaccination settings, with recent viral illness reported as the most common associated risk factor (Beghi et al., 1985 [2]).

Trends of Follow-Up Recommendations Made on Musculoskeletal MRI Reports.

The purpose of this article was to analyze trends in follow-up recommendations made on musculoskeletal MRI reports. An IRB-approved retrospective study identified 790 musculoskeletal MRI reports from our database between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2018, containing follow-up recommendations made by the interpreting radiologist. Metadata were automatically extracted and classification of the recommendations was performed by manual review.

How Many Radiographs Does It Take to Screen for Femoral Cam Morphology?: A Noninferiority Study.

Purpose: To compare a 2-view radiograph series (AP of the pelvis and 45° Dunn of the hip) with a 5-view radiograph series for sensitivity in identifying femoral cam morphology.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective review of consecutive patients with a 5-view radiograph series (AP pelvis and AP, 45° Dunn, frog lateral, and false profile of the affected hip) from 2016 to 2017. Three fellowship trained radiologists blindly and independently evaluated 2 views (AP pelvis and Dunn) for a femoral cam lesion, acetabular rim calcification, Tonnis grade, and important incidental findings.

Cough-induced costal cartilage fracture.

We present two cases of atraumatic costal cartilage fracture secondary to violent coughing. Although costal cartilage fractures due to trauma and bony rib fractures due to violent coughing have been described, to our knowledge there have been no prior reported cases of cough-induced costal cartilage fracture. It is important for radiologists to consider costal cartilage fractures, which are often more subtle than osseous injuries, in patients with chest pain, and understand that they may not always be preceded by direct trauma.

Effect of Analytics-Driven Worklists on Musculoskeletal MRI Interpretation Times in an Academic Setting.

The objective of this study was to determine how use of analytics-driven worklists for MRI based on relative individual interpretation time affects the overall group interpretation time in an academic musculoskeletal practice. In this prospective study, interpretation times for all MRI studies signed by three musculoskeletal fellowship-trained radiologists during 2016 were calculated from initial study view and report signing times. Custom worklists were made for each radiologist with body parts ordered from the fastest to the slowest based on relative interpretation time.

Bennett lesions in overhead athletes and associated shoulder abnormalities on MRI.

Objective: To determine if a Bennett lesion and its size are associated with additional MRI shoulder abnormalities in an overhead athlete.

Materials And Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective review of our database from 1 January 2012 to 1 April 2018 identified 35 overhead athletes with a Bennett lesion on MRI. A control group consisting of 35 overhead athletes without a Bennett lesion were matched for age, level of play (professional vs non-professional), and type of study (arthrogram vs non-arthrogram).

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Insertional Injuries in Pediatric Overhead Athletes: Are MRI Findings Predictive of Symptoms or Need for Surgery?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insertion below the articular margin (so-called T sign) exists in the pediatric population and whether MRI features can be used to identify insertional UCL injuries in overhead athletes that are symptomatic or require surgery.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of elbow MR images of patients younger than 21 years from 2011 to 2017 yielded 26 control subjects who were not overhead athletes and 97 overhead athletes. According to the clinical diagnosis, 50 of the overhead athletes had symptoms.

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Morphology: Comparison of Symptomatic Hips With Femoroacetabular Impingement and Asymptomatic Hips.

Objective: The objective of our study was to compare anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) morphology in symptomatic hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and in asymptomatic hips, determine the prevalence of impingement morphology in patients with a radiographic "crossover" sign, and identify potential risk factors for having impingement morphology.

Materials And Methods: For this retrospective study, we identified consecutive symptomatic hips with FAI (n = 54) and asymptomatic hips (n = 35) in patients who underwent CT from 2015 to 2017. Two radiologists blindly and independently evaluated 3D CT images of each hip and graded the AIIS morphology according to the Hetsroni classification scheme.

Radiologic evaluation of fracture healing.

While assessment of fracture healing is a common task for both orthopedic surgeons and radiologists, it remains challenging due to a lack of consensus on imaging and clinical criteria as well as the lack of a true gold standard. Further complicating this evaluation are the wide variations between patients, specific fracture sites, and fracture patterns. Research into the mechanical properties of bone and the process of bone healing has helped to guide the evaluation of fracture union.

Preoperative Use of a 3D Printed Model for Femoroacetabular Impingement Surgery and Its Effect on Planned Osteoplasty.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that preoperative use of 3D printed models has on planned osteoplasty for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) surgery.

Materials And Methods: This experimental study utilizing retrospective data included 10 consecutive patients from July 1, 2013, to January 1, 2015, with a clinical diagnosis of FAI and imaging consisting of radiographs, CT scans, and MR images. Three-dimensional models of each patient's affected hip were printed to scale from CT data.

Shoulder Injuries in the Overhead-Throwing Athlete: Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Injury, and Imaging Findings.

The unparalleled velocity achieved by overhead throwers subjects the shoulder to extreme forces, resulting in both adaptive changes and pathologic findings that can be detected at imaging. A key biomechanical principle of throwing is achieving maximum external rotation, which initially leads to adaptive changes that may result in a pathologic cascade of injuries. In addition to the well-established concepts of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and internal impingement, osseous and soft-tissue injuries of the shoulder unique to overhead athletes are illustrated.

Arthroscopic primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament: what the radiologist needs to know.

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in primary repair of proximal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in preoperative patient selection and in postoperative ligament assessment. Knowledge of the imaging factors that make patients candidates for primary ACL repair, namely proximal tear location and good tissue quality, can help radiologists provide information that is meaningful for surgical decision making.

Adventures and Misadventures in Plastic Surgery and Soft-Tissue Implants.

Soft-tissue augmentation and implants are increasingly seen by the radiologist as more techniques emerge for a variety of indications and locations. Some surgical and implant procedures are performed for purely cosmetic reasons in otherwise healthy patients seeking to improve their body image, and some are performed for reconstruction after cancer or other chronic illnesses. Abdominoplasty, liposuction, and autologous fat grafting can be performed for abdominal and gluteal contouring.

Elbow Injuries in Pediatric Overhead Athletes.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss common elbow injuries found in pediatric athletes who participate in sports that entail overhead movements with focus on mechanism, clinical features, imaging appearance, and treatment options.

Conclusion: Elbow injuries are commonly seen in pediatric overhead athletes and have been on the rise owing to the increased participation in and demand of youth sports. Imaging plays a critical role in identifying the type and severity of injury, which helps to determine appropriate treatment options.

Elbow Injuries in Adult Overhead Athletes.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review common elbow injuries found in overhead athletes with focus on mechanism, clinical features, imaging appearance, and treatment options.

Conclusion: The overhead throwing motion subjects the elbow to a variety of complex forces, which places both osseous and soft-tissue structures at high risk for injury.

The Combination of the Tunnel View and Weight-Bearing Anteroposterior Radiographs Improves the Detection of Knee Arthritis.

Imaging used for the evaluation of knee pain has historically included weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and sunrise radiographs. We wished to evaluate the utility of adding the weight-bearing (WB) posteroanterior (PA) view of the knee in flexion. We hypothesize that (1) the WB tunnel view can detect radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) not visualized on the WB AP, (2) the combination of the AP and tunnel view increases the radiographic detection of OA, and (3) this may provide additional information to the clinician evaluating knee pain.

Three-dimensional volumetric measurements in defining endoscope-guided giant adenoma surgery outcomes.

Purpose: Maximum two-dimensional (2D) diameter has been used to define giant pituitary adenoma (GPA) surgery outcomes as has volume using an ellipsoid approximation of volumetrics. Cross sectional length can be measured in several different planes. We sought to compare the accuracy of different 2D cross sectional measurements with the 3D volumetric measurements for predicting GPA surgery outcomes.