Striving toward standardization of reporting of ultrasound features of thyroid nodules and lymph nodes: a multidisciplinary consensus statement.

Background: The use of high-resolution ultrasound (US) imaging is a mainstay of the initial evaluation and long-term management of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. To fully capitalize on the diagnostic capabilities of a US examination in the context of thyroid disease, many clinicians consider it desirable to establish a universal format and standard of US reporting. The goals of this interdisciplinary consensus statement are twofold.

Localization of small parathyroid adenomas using modified 4-dimensional computed tomography/ultrasound.

Objective: To investigate whether parathyroid gland weight has an impact on the accuracy of preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas with modified 4 dimensional computed tomography/ultrasound. And to determine if the weight of parathyroid adenomas can be calculated accurately based on the dimensions of the gland on the CT images.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Parathyroid localization with modified 4D-computed tomography and ultrasonography for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objectives: In this article, we report our decade-long experience in using modified 4D-computed tomography in combination with ultrasonography (Mod 4D-CT/US) to localize abnormal parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Study Design: Retrospective medical record review at a university-based academic medical center.

Methods: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent a Mod 4D-CT/US and parathyroidectomy between January 1998 and May 2009 were included in the study.

Screening strategy for type 2 diabetes in the United Arab Emirates.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among Emirati nationals is one of the highest in the world. The recently released United Arab Emirates National DM guidelines call for screening all adults aged 30 years and more. The authors explored the need for such a modification of current American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines.

Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and quality of care in diabetic patients followed at primary and tertiary clinics in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Aims: To investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) at primary health care (PHC) clinics, and to assess the quality of care of diabetic patients followed at a tertiary hospital diabetes center in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods: Between May 2009 and October 2010, adult patients attending two PHC clinics, and adult diabetic patients attending the diabetes center, were invited to participate in the study. After overnight fast, participants returned for interview and laboratory tests.

Computed tomography can guide focused exploration in select patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative sestamibi scanning.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the utility of preoperative thin cut (2.5 mm) computed tomography (CT) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and negative sestamibi scans.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with PHPT was conducted from the prospective parathyroid registries of 2 tertiary referral centers.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications in a population-based sample in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications in the adult population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and assess the degree of metabolic control in subjects with diagnosed DM.

Methods: A random sample of houses of Emirati citizens living in Al Ain, UAE was surveyed. Fasting blood glucose was determined by glucose meter and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted if blood sugar was <7 mmol/l.

Influence of decorin and biglycan on mechanical properties of multiple tendons in knockout mice.

Evaluations of tendon mechanical behavior based on biochemical and structural arrangement have implications for designing tendon specific treatment modalities or replacement strategies. In addition to the well studied type I collagen, other important constituents of tendon are the small proteoglycans (PGs). PGs have been shown to vary in concentration within differently loaded areas of tendon, implicating them in specific tendon function.

Topography of cerebral white-matter disease of prematurity studied prospectively in 1607 very-low-birthweight infants.

The objective of this study was to evaluate to what extent (1) the characteristics of localization, distribution, and size of echodense and echolucent abnormalities enable individuals to be designated as having either periventricular hemorrhagic infarction or periventricular leukomalacia and (2) the characteristics of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and periventricular leukomalacia are independent occurrences. The population for this study consisted of 1607 infants with birthweights of 500 to 1500 g, born between January 1991 and December 1993, who had at least one cranial ultrasound scan read independently by at least two ultrasonographers. The ultrasound data collection form diagrammed six standard coronal views.

Sonographically detected subarachnoid hemorrhage: an independent predictor of neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus?

Blood from an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) can collect in the basilar cisterns and cause ventriculomegaly and eventual need for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. We looked for sonographic evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in three basal cisterns and in the Sylvian fissure of 82 infants with IVH, 30 of whom had ventriculomegaly. We found that ultrasonographically diagnosed SAH and measurement of ventricular blood volume predict ventriculomegaly and need for VP shunt.

Maternal infection, fetal inflammatory response, and brain damage in very low birth weight infants. Developmental Epidemiology Network Investigators.

Echolucent images (EL) of cerebral white matter, seen on cranial ultrasonographic scans of very low birth weight newborns, predict motor and cognitive limitations. We tested the hypothesis that markers of maternal and feto-placental infection were associated with risks of both early (diagnosed at a median age of 7 d) and late (median age = 21 d) EL in a multi-center cohort of 1078 infants <1500 x g. Maternal infection was indicated by fever, leukocytosis, and receipt of antibiotic; fetoplacental inflammation was indicated by the presence of fetal vasculitis (i.

White matter disorders of prematurity: association with intraventricular hemorrhage and ventriculomegaly. The Developmental Epidemiology Network.

Objectives: Because intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) often precedes the development of sonographically defined white matter damage (WMD) in very preterm infants, we sought to identify the IVH characteristics that predict WMD.

Hypotheses: We evaluated variations on the null hypothesis that infants with IVH are no more likely than infants without IVH to have WMD. These variations dealt with characteristics of the IVH (presence or absence of ventriculomegaly) or characteristics of the WMD (size, localization, and laterality).

Appendiceal CT in 140 cases. Diagnostic criteria for acute and necrotizing appendicitis.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 140 patients with suspected acute appendicitis. Thin collimation (5 mm), intravenous contrast enhancement, 1-second scan times, and supplementary cecal air insufflation were emphasized. CT accuracy was 98% overall (137/140), and 99% in the 124 cases with early surgery.

CT and US of the pancreas.

The diagnostic capabilities of pancreatic imaging continue to improve with technological advancements in computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To update the practicing radiologist, this article summarizes the current literature on pancreatic imaging, with particular emphasis on CT and US. Pertinent clinical considerations of the disease entities are included, along with illustrative material from the authors' experience.

Recurrent renal cell carcinoma after 45 years.

Late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), arbitrarily defined as > 10 years post nephrectomy, is rare. The longest known clinical disease-free interval of 36 years was reported by Walter and Gellespie in 1960. We report a case of recurrent RCC presenting 45 years after nephrectomy.

Recurrent acute pancreatitis: an additional manifestation of the "wandering spleen" syndrome".

A case of "wandering spleen" associated with recurrent pancreatitis and diagnosed with computed tomography (CT), is reported. The entity was also associated with a rotated, distended stomach, gastric outlet obstruction secondary to extrinsic compression of the duodenum, and partial small bowel obstruction secondary to extrinsic compression of a mobile, distended cecum that lay under the right diaphragm.

MRI for evaluation of perianal inflammation.

Background: We describe the value of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in six distinct clinical settings often encountered in cases of perirectal inflammatory disease.

Methods: MRI was performed on six patients with known perianal inflammatory disease; the number, anatomic extent, location, and signal intensities of various lesions and their associated complications were assessed.

Results: MRI is a noninvasive technique that is useful in the diagnosis and management of perirectal inflammatory disease.

Epidermoid cyst of the liver complicated by microscopic squamous cell carcinoma: CT, ultrasound, and pathology.

Though cystic hepatic lesions may have features that help characterize them by noninvasive imaging modalities, these findings are often nonspecific and may be unable to establish the presence of malignancy. This is illustrated here by describing an epidermoid cyst of the liver containing microscopic foci of squamous cell carcinoma. The importance of totally resecting an epidermoid cyst of the liver is emphasized.

Sonographic diagnosis of cisternal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the premature infant.

Purpose: To evaluate sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of subarachnoid, and particularly cisternal, hemorrhage in the preterm infant.

Methods: The subarachnoid cisterns were studied on cadaveric anatomic sections and on postmortem ultrasonograms, as well as on in vivo ultrasonograms of healthy neonates. Based on the normal ultrasound appearances of these cisterns, criteria were developed for the recognition of abnormal cisternal fluid collections, which strongly suggest the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the premature infant.

The use of deep inspiration preceding the Valsalva maneuver and rapid expiration in color Doppler imaging of the lower extremity veins.

Deep inspiration preceding Valsalva maneuver and rapid expiration immediately following it (DIVE) enhance venous blood flow on color Doppler flow imaging (CDI). The effect of DIVE was assessed in 115 consecutive lower extremity examinations. Of these, 95 or 115 (83%) had negative CDI sonograms, and 20 of 115 (17%) had partially (six of 115) or completely (14 of 115) occluding deep vein thrombosis.

Prostate visualization studies in males homozygous and heterozygous for 5 alpha-reductase deficiency.

Male pseudohermaphrodites with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency have ambiguous genitalia and nonpalpable prostates on rectal examination, suggesting the dihydrotestosterone dependency of these structures. To clearly delineate the status of the prostate, male pseudohermaphrodites with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency had transrectal sonography of the prostate performed, and the results were compared to that of age-matched male controls. In six male pseudohermaphrodites, magnetic resonance imaging studies of the prostate were also performed.