Stable Deuterium-Tritium plasmas with improved confinement in the presence of energetic-ion instabilities.

Providing stable and clean energy sources is a necessity for the increasing demands of humanity. Energy produced by Deuterium (D) and Tritium (T) fusion reactions, in particular in tokamaks, is a promising path towards that goal. However, there is little experience with plasmas formed by D-T mixtures, since most of the experiments are currently performed in pure D.

Measurement of the Gamma-Ray-to-Neutron Branching Ratio for the Deuterium-Tritium Reaction in Magnetic Confinement Fusion Plasmas.

At present, magnetic confinement fusion devices rely solely on absolute neutron counting as a direct way of measuring fusion power. Absolute counting of deuterium-tritium gamma rays could provide the secondary neutron-independent technique required for the validation of scientific results and as a licensing tool for future power plants. However, this approach necessitates an accurate determination of the gamma-ray-to-neutron branching ratio.

COSMONAUT: A COmpact spectrometer for measurements of neutrons at the ASDEX upgrade tokamak.

A COmpact Spectrometer for Measurements Of Neutrons at the ASDEX Upgrade Tokamak (COSMONAUT) has been developed for spectroscopy measurements of the 2.45 MeV neutron emission from deuterium plasmas at the ASDEX Upgrade. The instrument is based on a CLYC-7 inorganic scintillator, whereby the detection of fusion neutrons occurs via their interaction with 35Cl nuclei in the detector crystal, leading to a peak in the detector response function and providing excellent neutron/gamma-ray discrimination capabilities.

Changes in the indicators of stiffness and remodeling of magistral arteries in young patients at the early stage of essential hypertension under conditions of syntropy with obesity.

Objective: Aim: The study and analysis of indicators of remodeling and rigidity of magistral vessels in young essential hypertension patients with abdominal obesity and determination of the detected changes as a possible criterion for their remodeling..

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: 98 young people with essential hypertension and obesity were included in the study.

GENDER AND AGE ASPECTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY DISORDERS.

Objective: The aim: To assess the structural and functional state of bone tissue in terms of gender and age.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: 108 people aged 54.7±14.

TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION IN MANAGEMENT OF COMBINED PATHOLOGY - ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND POST-COVID SYNDROME IN ELDERLY PATIENTS.

Objective: The aim: Purpose of the study. Our research is aimed at the increase in the treatment effectiveness for combined pathology, namely, arterial hypertension (AH) and post-COVID syndrome in elderly patients at the stage of providing medical care by family medicine general practitioners with the use of statins, anti¬platelet agents, as well as endothelial-protective drug - L-arginine and anxiolytic effect - mebicar against the background of basic antihypertensive therapy.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The study included treatment and observation of 50 elderly patients with hypertension and post-COVID syndrome.

A high-resolution neutron spectroscopic camera for the SPARC tokamak based on the Jet European Torus deuterium-tritium experience.

Dedicated nuclear diagnostics have been designed, developed, and built within EUROFUSION enhancement programs in the last ten years for installation at the Joint European Torus and capable of operation in high power Deuterium-Tritium (DT) plasmas. The recent DT Experiment campaign, called DTE2, has been successfully carried out in the second half of 2021 and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of the new nuclear diagnostics and for an understanding of their behavior in the record high 14 MeV neutron yields (up to 4.7 × 10 n/s) and total number of neutrons (up to 2 × 10 n) achieved on a tokamak.

Fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics in the Joint European Torus deuterium-tritium 2 campaign (invited).

A new deuterium-tritium experimental, DTE2, campaign has been conducted at the Joint European Torus (JET) between August 2021 and late December 2021. Motivated by significant enhancements in the past decade at JET, such as the ITER-like wall and enhanced auxiliary heating power, the campaign achieved a new fusion energy world record and performed a broad range of fundamental experiments to inform ITER physics scenarios and operations. New capabilities in the area of fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics were available as a result of a decade long enhancement program.

A new dedicated signal processing system for gamma-ray spectrometers in high power deuterium-tritium plasma scenarios in tokamaks.

The most performant deuterium-tritium (DT) plasma discharges realized by the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak in the recent DT campaign have produced neutron yields on the order of 10 n/s. At such high neutron yields, gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with scintillators are challenging as events from the neutron-induced background often dominate over the signal, leading to a significant fraction of pileup events and instability of the photodetector gain along with the consequent degradation of the reconstructed spectrum. Here, we describe the solutions adopted for the tangential lanthanum bromide spectrometer installed at JET.

Energy-selective confinement of fusion-born alpha particles during internal relaxations in a tokamak plasma.

Long-pulse operation of a self-sustained fusion reactor using toroidal magnetic containment requires control over the content of alpha particles produced by D-T fusion reactions. On the one hand, MeV-class alpha particles must stay confined to heat the plasma. On the other hand, decelerated helium ash must be expelled before diluting the fusion fuel.

Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X.

Research on magnetic confinement of high-temperature plasmas has the ultimate goal of harnessing nuclear fusion for the production of electricity. Although the tokamak is the leading toroidal magnetic-confinement concept, it is not without shortcomings and the fusion community has therefore also pursued alternative concepts such as the stellarator. Unlike axisymmetric tokamaks, stellarators possess a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field geometry.

New High-Confinement Regime with Fast Ions in the Core of Fusion Plasmas.

The key result of the present work is the theoretical prediction and observation of the formation of a new type of transport barrier in fusion plasmas, called F-ATB (fast ion-induced anomalous transport barrier). As demonstrated through state-of-the-art global electrostatic and electromagnetic simulations, the F-ATB is characterized by a full suppression of the turbulent transport-caused by strongly sheared, axisymmetric E×B flows-and an increase of the neoclassical counterpart, albeit keeping the overall fluxes at significantly reduced levels. The trigger mechanism is shown to be a mainly electrostatic resonant interaction between suprathermal particles, generated via ion-cyclotron-resonance heating, and plasma microturbulence.

A new tangential gamma-ray spectrometer for fast ion measurements in deuterium and deuterium-tritium plasmas of the Joint European Torus.

A new tangential gamma-ray spectrometer has been developed for fast ion measurements in deuterium and deuterium-tritium plasmas of the Joint European Torus (JET). The instrument is based on a LaBr crystal with a photo-multiplier tube and replaces a pre-existing bismuth germanate detector, providing enhanced energy resolution and a counting rate capability in the MHz range. The line of sight is equipped with a LiH attenuator, which reduces the background due to 14 MeV neutron interactions with the crystal by more than two orders of magnitude and enables the observation of gamma-ray emission from confined α particles in JET deuterium-tritium plasmas.

First spatially resolved measurements of the D-He α-particle source with the upgraded JET gamma-ray camera.

The Joint European Torus (JET) gamma-ray camera has been recently upgraded with the installation of new gamma-ray detectors, based on LaBr(Ce) scintillation crystals, which add spectroscopic capability to the existing system allowing measurements with good energy resolution (5% at 0.622 MeV), a dynamic range from hundreds of keV up to about 30 MeV, and high counting rate capabilities of MCps. First gamma-ray measurements during the C38 campaign of the JET have been successfully carried out, in particular, in D-He plasmas from three-ion ion cyclotron resonance heating experiments, where the detection of 16.

Justification of Increasing the Blood Flow Velocity in the Arteries of the Thyroid Gland in Autoimmune Thyroiditis as a Reflection of Endothelial Changes Due to Inflammatory Status.

Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the dependence of the blood flow velocity in the thyroid arteries in patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) on the presence of atherosclerotic carotid disease and the level of systemic blood pressure.

Methods: The research involved 20 patients with AIT in euthyroid state, 30 patients AIT in euthyroid state with stable Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), 30 patients with stable CHD and 30 healthy individuals. Participants of the research were examined using ultrasound of carotid arteries and inferior thyroid arteries.

[Outcomes of revascularizing operations on lower-limb arteries in patients with critical ischaemia and multifocal atherosclerosis].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amputation-free survival rate and predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (extracardiac and cardiac mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke) in patients with atherosclerotic occlusive-stenotic lesions of the femoropopliteal-tibial segment and critical ischaemia. We analysed the results of treating a total of 122 patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the superficial femoral artery and lower limb critical ischaemia. Of these, 35 patients had no lesions of other arterial basins, 24 patients presented with a concomitant lesion of the carotid basin, 41 subjects had lesions of the coronary basin, and 22 had lesions of the coronary and carotid basins.

Disposable Potentiometric Sensory System for Skin Antioxidant Activity Evaluation.

The skin is a natural barrier between the external and internal environment. Its protective functions and the relationship of its state with the state of health of the organism as a whole are very important. It is known that oxidant stress (OS) is a common indicator of health status.

Quercetin reduces the transcriptional activity of NF-kB in stable coronary artery disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of quercetin on the indicators of chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) in stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: This study included 85 patients with CAD, stable angina pectoris, functional class (FC) II, and heart failure (НF) 0-І. Each patient was prescribed beta-blockers, statins, and aspirin.

Potentiometry as a Tool for Monitoring of Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress Estimation in Medicine.

The complexity of biological objects and the rapid change in their composition after sampling, the variety of compounds of different chemical nature, possessing oxidative and antioxidant properties, make the task of its estimating extremely nontrivial and important for food, nutrients and human health characterization. The paper discusses the use of potentiometry in determining integral antioxidant/oxidant activity mainly of biological fluids and human skin. The source of information is the electrode potential shift that occurs when the analyzed object is inserted in the solution of the mediator system or when the mediator system is exposed to human skin.

[The peculiar biochemical properties of the support structures in the human tissues].

This article is focused on the methodological aspects of the evaluation of the elastic and mechanical strength characteristics of the tissues that form the flexible fibrous and osseous human skeleton. The samples of dura mater and spongy bone (ribs) were subjected to the quantitative analysis for the determination of their bioelemental composition. The study has demonstrated that the force needed to brake dura mater or a rib correlates with the content of biological elements in these tissue, as well as with the age and sex of the human subjects serving as teir sources.

Effect of quercetin on parameters of central hemodynamics and myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary heart disease.

The Aim: The aim of our research was to study the effect of quercetin on parameters of central hemodynamics and myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD).

Material And Methods: The research involved 85 patients with CHD: stable angina pectoris, FC II, and 30 healthy individuals made up the control group. After 1.

Resveratrol more effectively than quercetin reduces endothelium degeneration and level of necrosis factor α in patients with coronary artery disease.

Introduction: endothelial dysfunction (ED) is one of the most important links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (ASVD) - morphological basis of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Objective: to study the effect of polyphenolic antioxidants, resveratrol and quercetin, on endothelial degeneration factors in CAD patients.

Materials And Methods: the study involved 93 patients with coronary artery disease: stable angina pectoris, FC II.

Resveratrol more effectively than quercetin reduces endothelium degeneration and level of necrosis factor α in patients with coronary artery disease.

Introduction: endothelial dysfunction (ED) is one of the most important links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (ASVD) - morphological basis of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Objective: to study the effect of polyphenolic antioxidants, resveratrol and quercetin, on endothelial degeneration factors in CAD patients.

Materials And Methods: the study involved 93 patients with coronary artery disease: stable angina pectoris, FC II.

[Peculiarities of diagnosis and surgical policy in elderly patients with pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery].

The study was aimed at optimizing surgical treatment management of elderly patients presenting with pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery (ICA). We examined a total of 94 patients with unilateral haemodynamically significant tortuosity of the ICA. Depending on the age, the patients were subdivided into two groups: Group One comprising forty-six (49%) 50-to-60-year-old patients and Group Two consisting of 48 (51%) patients above 60 years (from 61 to 84 years).