Applying extender devices in patients with penile dysmorphophobia: assessment of tolerability, efficacy, and impact on erectile function.

Introduction: Most men seeking penile enhancement techniques have a normal penile size. They are either misinformed or suffer from penile dysmorphophobia and should be discouraged from undergoing invasive procedures. Less invasive techniques including penile extenders are not associated with major complications and may be beneficial from a psychological perspective.

Assessment of testicular perfusion prior to sperm extraction predicts success rate and decreases the number of required biopsies in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.

Objectives: To assess the role of power and color Doppler ultrasonography (US) in patients with azoospermia prior to testicular sperm extraction.

Methods: One hundred and thirty consecutive patients with azoospermia were assessed in this prospective study. Based on a semiquantitative method, the results of power Doppler US were graded into three categories: grade 1, no visible vessels; grade 2, between one and three detectable vessels; grade 3, more than three detectable vessels.