Toward Digitalization of Fishing Vessels to Achieve Higher Environmental and Economic Sustainability.

Fishing vessels need to adapt to and mitigate climate changes, but solution development requires better information about the environment and vessel operations. Even if ships generate large amounts of potentially useful data, there is a large variety of sources and formats. This lack of standardization makes identification and use of key data challenging and hinders its use in improving operational performance and vessel design.

NOx Emissions Control Area (NECA) scenario for ports in the North Adriatic Sea.

In response to global warming, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) set rules of 50% Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction by 2050, from 2008 levels. Signatory countries to the IMO's regulation require frequent assessment of the contribution of GHG emissions from shipping calling at their ports or trading in their territorial waters to ensure their compliance with the regulations. This demands a rapid and accurate method to assess shipping's contribution to GHG emissions.

Sustained impact of the activities of local crude oil refiners on their host communities in Nigeria.

The local refining of crude oil has become a lucrative but disturbing business in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Deep inside the forest of the Niger Delta camps are built and used for the local refining of crude oil. The economic benefits this brings to the refiners are clear, however the host communities are severely hit by the activities of the 'local crude oil refiners'.

Attributional life cycle assessment of biofuels for shipping: Addressing alternative geographical locations and cultivation systems.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a life cycle assessment of straight vegetable oil (SVO) and biodiesel addressing alternative upstream pathways. The pathways are SVO and biodiesel produced in the United Kingdom (UK) using European rapeseed and also, SVO and biodiesel produced in the UK using soybean grain and soybean oil imported from Argentina. Four environmental impact categories have been assessed using the SimaPro (ReCiPe life-cycle impact assessment) method: this includes global warming potential (GWP); acidification; eutrophication and particulate matter.

Difficulties in obtaining representative samples for compliance with the Ballast Water Management Convention.

As implementation of the Ballast Water Convention draws nearer a major challenge is the development of protocols which accurately assess compliance with the D-2 Standard. Many factors affect the accuracy of assessment: e.g.