Racial differences in the effect of APOE-ε4 genotypes on trail making test B in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: The trail making test part B (TMT-B) evaluates executive functions, memory, and sensorimotor functions. No previous study was found to examine the longitudinal effect of APOE-ε4 genotypes on the TMT-B scores in Alzheimer's disease (AD) across racial groups.

Methods: This study used the data from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): 382 participants with AD, 503 with cognitive normal (CN), 1293 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline and follow-up of four years.

Associations of adolescent substance use and depressive symptoms with adult major depressive disorder in the United States: NSDUH 2016-2019.

Background: Few studies have focused on the associations of adolescent substance use and depressive symptoms with adult major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: Data from 168,859 adults, among which, 15,959 had experienced MDD in the past year, as indicated by a major depressive episode (MDE) marked by MDD symptoms, were from the 2016-2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Weighted multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analyses were used to determine the associations.

Sleep Apnea and Substance Use Disorders Associated with Co-Occurrence of Anxiety Disorder and Depression among U.S. Adults: Findings from the NSDUH 2008-2014.

Few studies have focused on sleep apnea and substance use disorders with co-occurrence of anxiety disorder and depression. This study included a total of 270,227 adults, 9268 with co-occurrence of anxiety disorder and depression in the past year, from the combined 2008-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data, which are the latest datasets with measures of anxiety disorder and sleep apnea. Weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between anxiety disorder and depression and their co-occurrence.

Levels of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Apolipoproteins Are Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE1) and apolipoproteins (APOs) may play important roles in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to examine the associations of AD, CVD, and endocrine-metabolic diseases (EMDs) with the levels of ACE1 and 9 APO proteins (ApoAI, ApoAII, ApoAIV, ApoB, ApoCI, ApoCIII, ApoD, ApoE, and ApoH). Non-Hispanic white individuals including 109 patients with AD, 356 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 373 CVD, 198 EMD and controls were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset.

Gender differences in the associations of early onset poly tobacco and drug use prior to age 18 with the prevalence of adult bronchitis in the United States.

Purpose: We investigated the associations of early onset polysubstance use prior to age 18 with the prevalence of bronchitis among U.S. adults and tested whether the associations differ by gender.