Highly active and stable OER electrocatalysts derived from SrMIrO for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers.

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is a promising technology to produce green hydrogen from renewables, as it can efficiently achieve high current densities. Lowering iridium amount in oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts is critical for achieving cost-effective production of green hydrogen. In this work, we develop catalysts from Ir double perovskites.

Global diabetes burden: analysis of regional differences to improve diabetes care.

Introduction: The current evaluation processes of the burden of diabetes are incomplete and subject to bias. This study aimed to identify regional differences in the diabetes burden on a universal level from the perspective of people with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We developed a worldwide online diabetes observatory based on 34 million diabetes-related tweets from 172 countries covering 41 languages, spanning from 2017 to 2021.

MICROSCOPE Mission: Final Results of the Test of the Equivalence Principle.

The MICROSCOPE mission was designed to test the weak equivalence principle (WEP), stating the equality between the inertial and the gravitational masses, with a precision of 10^{-15} in terms of the Eötvös ratio η. Its experimental test consisted of comparing the accelerations undergone by two collocated test masses of different compositions as they orbited the Earth, by measuring the electrostatic forces required to keep them in equilibrium. This was done with ultrasensitive differential electrostatic accelerometers onboard a drag-free satellite.

Mechano-Chemical Synthesis, Structural Features and Optical Gap of Hybrid CHNHCdBr Perovskite.

Hybrid methyl-ammonium (MA:CHNH) lead halide MAPbX (X = halogen) perovskites exhibit an attractive optoelectronic performance that can be applied to the next generation of solar cells. To extend the field of interest of these hybrid materials, we describe the synthesis by a solvent-free ball-milling procedure, yielding a well crystallized, pure and moisture stable specimen of the Cd tribromide counterpart, MACdBr, which contains chains of face-sharing CdBr octahedra in a framework defined in the 2 (No 36) space group. The details of the structural arrangement at 295 K have been investigated by high angular resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction (SXRD), including the orientation of the organic MA units, which are roughly aligned along the c direction, given the acentric nature of the space group.

Structural Chemistry and Magnetic Properties of the Hexagonal Double Perovskite BaCoOsO.

The double perovskite BaCoOsO, synthesized using solid-state methods at ambient pressure, is shown as a rare example of an oxide adopting the 6L-trigonal (S.G.: 3̅1) perovskite structure.

Squeezing electrons out of 6s lone-pairs in perovskite-type oxides.

Having identified a set of conditions that predispose a solid-state ionic compound to a pressure-induced valence transition, we investigated a series of Bi(iii) perovskite oxides. We found such a transition below 10 GPa in every case, including one that we synthesised for the first time (double perovskite-type Ba2BiOsO6).

Dimensional crossover of correlated anion disorder in oxynitride perovskites.

A simple crossover from two-dimensional to three-dimensional correlated disorder of O and N atoms on a cubic lattice has been discovered within the Ba1-xSrxTaO2N series of perovskite oxynitrides. The crossover is driven by lattice expansion as x decreases, and provides a rapid increase in entropy due to a change from subextensive to extensive configurational entropy regimes.

MICROSCOPE Mission: First Results of a Space Test of the Equivalence Principle.

According to the weak equivalence principle, all bodies should fall at the same rate in a gravitational field. The MICROSCOPE satellite, launched in April 2016, aims to test its validity at the 10^{-15} precision level, by measuring the force required to maintain two test masses (of titanium and platinum alloys) exactly in the same orbit. A nonvanishing result would correspond to a violation of the equivalence principle, or to the discovery of a new long-range force.

Elucidating the Methylammonium (MA) Conformation in MAPbBr Perovskite with Application in Solar Cells.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, MAPbX (X = halogen), containing methylammonium (MA: CH-NH) in the large voids conformed by the PbX octahedral network, are the active absorption materials in the new generation of solar cells. CHNHPbBr is a promising member with a large band gap that gives rise to a high open circuit voltage. A deep knowledge of the crystal structure and, in particular, the MA conformation inside the perovskite cage across the phase transitions undergone below room temperature, seems essential to establish structure-property correlations that may drive to further improvements.

Magnetic and Structural Studies of Sc Containing Ruthenate Double Perovskites AScRuO (A = Ba, Sr).

Ruthenium-containing double perovskites AScRuO have been synthesized as polycrystalline powders and structurally characterized using a combination of synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction methods. When A = Ba, a hexagonal 6L perovskite structure is obtained if the synthesis is conducted at ambient pressure and a rock-salt ordered cubic structure is obtained if the sample is quenched from high pressures. The Sr oxide SrScRuO is obtained with a rock-salt ordered corner sharing topology.

Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Osmium Double Perovskites BaSrYOsO.

The crystal and magnetic structures of double perovskites of the type BaSrYOsO were studied by synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction methods, bulk magnetic susceptibility measurements, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The structures were refined using combined neutron and synchrotron data sets based on an ordered array of corner-sharing YO and OsO octahedra, with the Ba/Sr cations being completely disordered. The structure evolves from cubic to monoclinic Fm3̅m (x ≈ 0.

Thermal expansion in BaRuO perovskites - an unusual case of bond strengthening at high temperatures.

The temperature dependences of the structures of three polytypes of BaRuO have been investigated between room temperature and 1000 °C using high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The structural studies reveal a systematic decrease of the Ru-Ru distance as the pressure required to prepare the polytype increases. The O-O distance across the shared face increases as the Ru-Ru separation decreases.

Spin-Orbit Coupling Controlled Ground State in the Ir(V) Perovskites AScIrO (A = Ba or Sr).

The structural and magnetic properties of the two Ir(V) perovskites BaScIrO and SrScIrO were established. The structures were refined using a combined neutron and synchrotron data set. At room temperature the former has a cubic structure in space group Fm3̅m with a = 8.

Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Iridium Double Perovskites Ba(2-x)Sr(x)YIrO6.

The crystal structures of the series of ordered double perovskites Ba(2-x)Sr(x)YIrO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) were refined using a combination of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray and high-intensity neutron diffraction data. The materials displayed a sequence of structures Fm3̅m(a(0)a(0)a(0)) (x = 0.6)--> I4/m(a(0)a(0)c(-)) (x = 1.

Crystal structure, phase transitions, and magnetic properties of iridium perovskites Sr2MIrO6 (M = Ni, Zn).

Double perovskites containing Ir(6+)/Ir(5+) with formula Sr2MIrO6 (M = Ni, Zn) have been synthesized under high oxygen pressure conditions. Their crystal structures have been studied by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction at room temperature (RT) and 2 K. At RT, these oxides crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with unit-cell parameters a ≈ √2a0, b ≈ √2a0, and c ≈ 2a0, and β ≈ 90°.

Ferromagnetic Cu-O-Cu coupling in CaCu3Sn4O12 probed by neutron diffraction.

The A-site ordered perovskite oxide with the formula CaCu(3)Sn(4)O(12) has been synthesized in polycrystalline form under moderate pressure conditions (3.5 GPa) in combination with high temperature (1000 °C). This oxide crystallizes in the cubic space group [Formula: see text] (no.

Correlation between the crystal structure and the Curie temperature in RCu3(Mn3Fe)O12 (R = rare-earth) complex perovskites.

New members of the family of complex-perovskite oxides with the formula RCu(3)(Mn(3)Fe)O(12) (R = Ce, Pr, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y) have been synthesized and characterized. Polycrystalline samples have been prepared from citrate precursors treated under moderate pressure conditions (2-3.5 GPa) and 1000 °C in the presence of KClO(4) as an oxidizing agent.

rhAPC reduces the endothelial cell permeability via a decrease of contractile tensions induced by endothelial cells.

All cells generate contractile tension. This strain is crucial for mechanically controlling the cell shape, function and survival. In this study, the CellDrum technology quantifying cell's (the cellular) mechanical tension on a pico-scale was used to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human aortic endothelial cell (HAoEC) tension.

Hemoglobin senses body temperature.

Unlabelled: When aspirating human red blood cells (RBCs) into 1.3 mum pipettes (DeltaP = -2.3 kPa), a transition from blocking the pipette below a critical temperature T(c) = 36.

Oral lead exposure induces dysbacteriosis in rats.

Objectives: Lead's (Pb(II)) possible role in intestinal pathologies of microbial etiology remains mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of lead on the gut microbial community and its interactions with rat intestinal epithelium.

Methods: The lead-induced changes in different intestinal microbial groups (lactose-positive lac(+) and -negative lac(-) E.

Molecular processes in biological thermosensation.

Since thermal gradients are almost everywhere, thermosensation could represent one of the oldest sensory transduction processes that evolved in organisms. There are many examples of temperature changes affecting the physiology of living cells. Almost all classes of biological macromolecules in a cell (nucleic acids, lipids, proteins) can present a target of the temperature-related stimuli.

Structural transition temperature of hemoglobins correlates with species' body temperature.

Human red blood cells (RBCs) exhibit sudden changes in their biophysical properties at body temperature (T (B)). RBCs were seen to undergo a spontaneous transition from blockage to passage at T (C) = 36.4 +/- 0.

Decrease in extracellular collagen crosslinking after NMR magnetic field application in skin fibroblasts.

Although biological effects of electromagnetic fields were investigated intensively, there is still no agreement on the significance of their effects. The underlying mechanisms and therapeutic importance are still mostly unknown too. In this study, primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to magnetic field at nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) conditions for in total 5 days and 4 h/day.

Body temperature-related structural transitions of monotremal and human hemoglobin.

In this study, temperature-related structural changes were investigated in human, duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus, body temperature T(b) = 31-33 degrees C), and echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus, body temperature T(b) = 32-33 degrees C) hemoglobin using circular dichroism spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The average hydrodynamic radius (R(h)) and fractional (normalized) change in the ellipticity (F(obs)) at 222 +/- 2 nm of hemoglobin were measured. The temperature was varied stepwise from 25 degrees C to 45 degrees C.

NMR in vitro effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and viability of human chondrocytes and osteoblasts.

This study presents findings on the proliferation rate, cellular apoptosis, and viability of human chondrocyte and osteoblast cultures before and after treatment with NMR pulse sequences. A commercially available nuclear magnetic resonance machine (MBST(R)-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Therapy) was used for treatment. The study was carried out for 19 days, including 9 days of NMR exposure in a controlled, double-blind, randomized manner, using commercially available human cell lines.