Rapid implementation of a clinical decision-support workflow during the national blood culture bottle shortage.

Background: The United States Food and Drug Administration recently announced a national blood culture (BC) bottle shortage; the exact date of restoration is still being determined.

Aim: Implement a workflow to mitigate the BC bottle shortage at our hospital.

Methods: We created the following clinical decision support workflow in electronic medical record to help mitigate BC bottle use: (a) limit to two BC in 24 hours, (b) only repeat BC if 72 hours have passed from the prior sets, (c) do not repeat BC for coagulase-negative bacteremia when considered a contaminant (i.

Bibliometric analysis of publications that cited the CIOMS 2016 "International ethical guidelines for health-related research involving humans".

The CIOMS book "International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans", published in 2016 (IEG2016), provides information to assist research ethics committee members and research practitioners with pragmatically implementing ethical considerations while planning and conducting their research. To identify which aspects of research IEG2016 has had the greatest impact since its publication, we analyzed metadata from 942 papers that cited IEG2016 (English language title only) from Web of Science (WoS, Clarivate). Using VOSviewer, we mapped the co-occurrence of keywords to derive the network of all keywords that co-occurred at least five times in the set of citing papers.

The Careers and Professional Well-Being of Women Oncologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Responding for Tomorrow.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated gender inequity in medicine, with women physicians reporting greater household responsibilities than their men counterparts and steeper barriers to career advancement. The pandemic highlighted the systemic assumptions and challenges faced by women physicians, which we anticipate is also true in our field of oncology. Prior literature suggests that women physicians were tasked with increased personal and professional responsibilities without compensation for their additional work, as well as derailments in career progression and significant burnout.

Flattening Hierarchical Structures to Empower Women Trainee Leaders on Social Media Teams.

We share our experience empowering women trainees and leadership through a flattened hierarchical social media team structure with supporting evidence from measurable outcomes.

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefazolin using total and unbound serum concentrations in patients with high body weight.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the steady state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefazolin in patients with a high body weight. Cefazolin was administered by 0.5-h infusions to 11 patients with total body weight (TBW) ≥120 kg receiving 3 g q8h, and 12 patients with TBW <120 kg receiving 2 g q8h.

Evaluating the effect of a community score card among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in two districts in Malawi.

Malawi faces challenges with retaining women in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services. We evaluated Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Inc. (CARE's) community score card (CSC) in 11 purposively selected health facilities, assessing the effect on: (1) retention in PMTCT services, (2) uptake of early infant diagnosis (EID), (3) collective efficacy among clients, and (4) self-efficacy among health care workers (HCWs) in delivering quality services.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Doripenem in Obese, Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Doripenem population pharmacokinetics and dosing recommendations are limited in obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doripenem in obese patients.

Methods: Hospitalized adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m or total body weight (TBW) ≥45.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Meropenem in Nonobese, Obese, and Morbidly Obese Patients.

The study objective was to evaluate meropenem population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in nonobese, obese, and morbidly obese patients. Forty adult patients-11 nonobese (body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m ), 9 obese (30 kg/m ≤ BMI < 40 kg/m ), and 20 morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m )-received meropenem 500 mg every 6 hours (q6h), q8h, or q12h or 1 g q6h or q8h, infused over 0.5 hour.

Use of Monte Carlo Simulations to Determine Optimal Carbapenem Dosing in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy.

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses with Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) can be used to integrate prior information on model parameters into a new renal replacement therapy (RRT) to develop optimal drug dosing when pharmacokinetic trials are not feasible. This study used MCSs to determine initial doripenem, imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem dosing regimens for critically ill patients receiving prolonged intermittent RRT (PIRRT). Published body weights and pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (nonrenal clearance, free fraction, volume of distribution, extraction coefficients) with variability were used to develop a pharmacokinetic model.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Extended-Infusion Piperacillin and Tazobactam in Critically Ill Children.

The study objective was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam in children hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Seventy-two serum samples were collected at steady state from 12 patients who received piperacillin-tazobactam at 100/12.5 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h infused over 4 h.

Barriers to modern contraceptive methods uptake among young women in Kenya: a qualitative study.

Background: Young women in Kenya experience a higher risk of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy compared to older women. However, contraceptive use among youth remains low. Known barriers to uptake include side effects, access to commodities and partner approval.

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin and tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in obese and nonobese patients.

The study objective was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin and tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in obese and nonobese patients. Twenty-seven patients (total body weight [TBW], 60 to 211 kg; body mass index [BMI], 19.6 to 72.

Implementing extended-infusion cefepime as standard of care in a children's hospital: a prospective descriptive study.

Background: Extended-infusion cefepime (EIC) has been associated with decreased mortality in adults, but to our knowledge, there are no studies in children.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing EIC as the standard dosing strategy in a pediatric population.

Methods: This was a descriptive study of children aged 1 month to 17 years, including patients in the intensive care unit, who received cefepime after admission to a freestanding, tertiary care children's hospital.

Correlation of adherence to the 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America practice guidelines with patient outcomes in the treatment of diabetic foot infections in an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial programme.

Aim: To evaluate adherence to the 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America practice guidelines for the management of patients with diabetic foot infections and to determine an association between adherence and clinical outcome.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate the management and clinical outcomes of patients with diabetic foot infections treated with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2012 at Wishard Health Services/Eskenazi Health. Adherence to individual Infectious Diseases Society of America diabetic foot infection treatment guideline recommendations was measured, and then assessed in relation to clinical outcome.

Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doripenem and meropenem in obese patients.

Background: Antimicrobial pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are limited in obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doripenem and meropenem in obese patients hospitalized on a general ward.

Methods: Patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m² or total body weight (TBW) ≥100 pounds over their ideal body weight randomly received doripenem 500 mg (1-hour infusion) or meropenem 1 g (0.

Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meropenem in morbidly obese patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit.

The study objective was to evaluate meropenem pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in morbid obesity. Nine patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit with a body mass index ≥40 kg/m(2) received meropenem 500 mg or 1 g q6h, infused over 0.5 hours.

Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin and tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in obese patients.

The study objective was to evaluate steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin and tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in obese patients. Fourteen hospitalised patients weighing >120kg received piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g every 8 h (q8h) or 6.

System-wide implementation of the use of an extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam dosing strategy: feasibility of utilization from a children's hospital perspective.

Background: Use of extended infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam (PT) in adult patients has been described, but data in children are limited.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using an extended-infusion PT dosing strategy as the standard of care in a children's hospital.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of patients aged >30 days who received PT after admission to a freestanding, tertiary care children's hospital.

Condom social marketing in sub-Saharan Africa and the Total Market Approach.

Background: Social marketing interventions are important in developing nations. Both increasing use and shifting users from receiving subsidised condoms need to be pursued using a Total Market Approach (TMA). This paper reviews the performance of social marketing through a cross-country comparison of condom use, equity and market share, plus a case study illustrating how TMA can be applied.

Increasing safer sexual behavior among Lao kathoy through an integrated social marketing approach.

Background: Although HIV prevalence has remained low in Laos thus far, there is reason to be concerned that Lao male-to-female (MtF) transgender persons (kathoy) and their partners may facilitate the spread of HIV. Little is known about how to most effectively reach kathoy with HIV prevention programming. This paper evaluates an intervention with Lao kathoy with the objective of increasing safe sex with regular and casual partners.

Steady-state pharmacokinetics of intravenous levetiracetam in neurocritical care patients.

Study Objectives: To characterize the steady-state pharmacokinetics of intravenous levetiracetam in neurocritical care patients requiring seizure prophylaxis after a neurologic injury and to determine which dosing regimens achieve serum concentrations within the recommended therapeutic range of 6-20 μg/ml. DESIGN. Prospective, open-label, steady-state pharmacokinetic study.

Evaluation of a social marketing intervention promoting oral rehydration salts in Burundi.

Background: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death for children under five in Burundi; however, use of oral rehydration salts (ORS), the recommended first-line treatment, remains low. In 2004, PSI/Burundi launched a social marketing intervention to promote ORASEL among caregivers of children under five; the product was relaunched in 2006 with a new flavor. This study evaluates the intervention after the ORASEL relaunch, which included mass media and interpersonal communication activities.

Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime administered by prolonged infusion in hospitalised patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime administered by prolonged infusion in hospitalised patients requiring antimicrobial therapy. Nine patients received 1g every 8h (q8h), infused over 4h, and steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental and compartmental methods. Using these pharmacokinetic parameters, 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the pharmacokinetic profiles for six prolonged-infusion dosing regimens.

Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during short daily hemodialysis.

Background And Objectives: Short daily hemodialysis (SDHD) is an alternative to thrice-weekly HD because of its putative physiologic benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SDHD on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vancomycin.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Six noninfected adults who had anuria and were treated with SDHD were studied and received four dialysis sessions over 4 days.

Comparative pharmacodynamics of intermittent and prolonged infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam using Monte Carlo simulations and steady-state pharmacokinetic data from hospitalized patients.

Background: Prolonging the infusion of a beta-lactam antibiotic enhances the time in which unbound drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (fT>MIC).

Objective: To compare the pharmacodynamics of several dosing regimens of piperacillin/tazobactam administered by intermittent and prolonged infusion using pharmacokinetic data from hospitalized patients.

Methods: Steady-state pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 13 patients who received piperacillin/tazobactam 4.