Background: Through whole-exome sequencing of 60 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded Nigerian (NGRn) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples, we identified germline and somatic alterations in apoptotic pathways impacting BPH development and progression. Prostate enlargement is a common occurrence in male aging; however, this enlargement can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms that negatively impact quality of life. This impact is disproportionately present in men of African ancestry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing of a cohort of 45 advanced-stage, treatment-naïve Nigerian (NG) primary prostate cancer tumors and 11 unmatched nontumor tissues to compare genomic mutations with African American (AA) and European American (EA) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate cancer. NG samples were collected from six sites in central and southwest Nigeria. After whole-exome sequencing, samples were processed using GATK best practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegional variations exist in HPV prevalence worldwide despite reports of high prevalence rates among African women. Limited data on genital HPV prevalence necessitated this study with the aim of determining the prevalence of genital HPV and associated risk factors among women in Lagos, Nigeria. Exfoliated cervical cells were collected with consent from 165 women using a cervical brush.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Cancer incidence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there is little information on the capacity of pathology laboratories in this region. We aimed to assess the current state of pathology services in Nigeria to guide strategies to ensure best practices and improve the quality of surgical specimen handling.
Methods: We developed structured pathology survey to assess tissue handling, sample processing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) capabilities.
Background: Lung protective ventilation with tidal volumes (V) of 6-8 ml per kg ideal body weight have been shown to reduce mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and reduce post-operative pulmonary complications in major abdominal surgery. Following a local audit on weight recording, the Southcoast Perioperative Audit and Research Collaboration (SPARC) conducted a regional multi-disciplinary survey on the current practice in lung protective ventilation in the Wessex region. This resulted in a quality improvement project improving lung protective ventilation across these intensive care units.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In an increasingly comorbid population, there are significant challenges to diagnosing the cause of breathlessness, and once diagnosed, considerable difficulty in detecting deterioration early enough to provide effective intervention. The burden of the breathless patient on the health care economy is substantial, with asthma, chronic heart failure, and pneumonia affecting over 6 million people in the United Kingdom alone. Furthermore, these patients often have more than one contributory factor to their breathlessness symptoms, with conditions such as dysfunctional breathing pattern disorders-an under-recognized component.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females. It is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women with fatality rates highest in low-income countries. The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic and clinical profile of patients with immunohistochemically confirmed breast cancer in a Nigerian tertiary health institution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg
April 2013
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in our study population and the correlation between the Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) and nasal smear eosinophil count.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Ear, nose, and throat clinic, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; a 450-bed tertiary health facility.
The degree of perioperative lung injury that patients sustain results from a complex interaction between their current physiologic state, comorbidities, lifestyle choices, underlying surgical diagnosis, operative, and ultimately their cardiopulmonary interaction with a mechanical ventilator. This review addresses primarily the pathophysiology of perioperative lung injury with reference to ventilator-induced lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Triage protocols are only initiated when it is apparent that resource deficits will occur across a broad geographical area despite efforts to expand or acquire additional capacity. Prior to the pandemic the UK Department of Health (DOH) recommended the use of a staged triage plan incorporating Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) developed by the Ontario Ministry of Health to assist in the triage of critical care admissions and discharges during an influenza outbreak in the UK. There are data to suggest that had it been used in the recent H1N1 pandemic it may have led to inappropriate limitation of therapy if surge capacity had been overwhelmed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMalignant melanoma (MM) remains a pediatric rarity world-wide, but perhaps more so in black Africans. To the best of our knowledge, the current report of MM in a two-and-a-half-year-old Nigerian who had a pre-existing congenital giant hairy nevus is probably the first (in an accessible literature) in a black African child. Primary neoplastic transformation and metastatic spread were suggested by the appearance of multiple swellings over the "garment" precursor nevus at the posterior trunk, multiple ipsilateral axillary nodal enlargement, and fresh occipital swellings postadmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF