Background: Contemporary child protection systems in the UK need to be seen in light of the late nineteenth century child rescue movement, at a time of curbs in public spending, shifts in attitudes towards children's welfare and the development of social work. There are similarities in the social, institutional and legal contexts, between the nineteenth century and today, centralising 'deservedness', that determined and determines children's access to services.
Objective: The current article compares historical data and practices of children in care in the UK, encompassing 1881-1918, with contemporary data and practices, through the lens of the deserving/undeserving paradigm, inherited from the Poor Law of 1834.