Greater glycemic control following low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise compared with moderate-intensity continuous exercise in males and females: a randomized control trial.

Exercise has long been known for its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity (IS) and glucose handling with both moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) exercise and resistance exercise (RE) inducing beneficial effects. In recent years, low-load, high-repetition (LLHR) RE has emerged as a strategy to increase muscle mass and strength to levels similar to traditional RE; however, the effects of LLHR RE on glucose handling has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this trial was to compare the acute effects of LLHR RE to MIC exercise on post-exercise glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in males and females.

TBC1D1 Ser phosphorylation, but not insulin sensitivity, is higher following a bout of high-intensity interval exercise in healthy males as compared with females.

Interval training has been found to lower glucose concentrations and increase insulin sensitivity in males but not in females, which may be due to inherent sex-based differences in metabolism. Twenty-four (12/sex) participants completed a bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 10 × 1 min at 90% HR) to evaluate whether sex influenced the physiological effects of HIIE on postexercise glycemic control during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Given that body anthropometrics influence postprandial glucose, data were also expressed as a function of the normalized glucose dose.

Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation, but not Creatyl-L-Leucine, Increased Muscle Creatine Content in Healthy Young Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Creatine (Cr) supplementation is a well-established strategy to enhance gains in strength, lean body mass, and power from a period of resistance training. However, the effectiveness of creatyl-L-leucine (CLL), a purported Cr amide, is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of CLL on muscle Cr content.

Nutritional Regulation of Muscle Stem Cells in Exercise and Disease: The Role of Protein and Amino Acid Dietary Supplementation.

Human skeletal muscle is a remarkedly plastic tissue that has a high capacity to adapt in response to various stimuli. These adaptations are due in part to the function of muscle-resident stem/progenitor cells. Skeletal muscle regeneration and adaptation is facilitated by the activation and expansion of muscle stem cells (MuSCs).

Exercise mode influences post-exercise glucose sensitivity and insulin clearance in young, healthy males and females in a sex-dependent manner: A randomized control trial.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is lower in females than males. It has been reported that females have greater pancreatic 𝛽-cell function than males, which may at least in part contribute to the T2D risk in females. 𝛽-cell function is influenced by exercise training; however, previous trials comparing 𝛽-cell function between the sexes have not included participants matched for training status.

Changes in Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Intake during Four Years of University-A Follow-Up Study.

: The transition to university is often accompanied by the adoption of negative lifestyle habits, which may result in weight and fat gain. While this has been demonstrated during 1st year, little is known about subsequent years. We investigated changes in body composition, energy expenditure, and dietary/energy intake from 1st to 4th year university.

The impact of preconditioning exercise on the vascular response to an oral glucose challenge.

Exercise elicits direct benefits to insulin sensitivity but may also indirectly improve glucose uptake by hemodynamic conditioning of the vasculature. The purpose of this study was to examine the modifying effect of 3 different types of exercise on the vascular response to an oral glucose challenge. Twenty healthy adults (9 women, 11 men; aged 23 ± 3 years) completed a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at rest, as well as 1.

Nutritional Strategies to Combat Type 2 Diabetes in Aging Adults: The Importance of Protein.

The prevalence of pre-diabetes (PD) and type II diabetes (T2D) has risen dramatically in recent years affecting an estimated 422 million adults worldwide. The risk of T2D increases with age, with the sharpest rise in diagnosis occurring after age 40. With age, there is also a progressive decline in muscle mass starting after the age of 30.

First-year university is associated with greater body weight, body composition and adverse dietary changes in males than females.

Background: The transition from high school to university life is a critical time for change, often accompanied by the adoption of negative lifestyle habits including unhealthy nutrition. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to identify sex-specific changes in dietary intake and diet quality, and associated changes in body weight and composition during first-year university.

Methods: Three-hundred and one students (n = 229 females) completed food frequency questionnaires, and had their body weight, body composition, waist and hip circumference measured at the beginning and end of first-year university.

Physical Activity, Sport Participation, and Perceived Barriers to Engagement in First-Year Canadian University Students.

: Physical activity (PA) declines during early adulthood with higher rates of inactivity in university students. The authors aimed to examine the frequency, intensity, time, type of PA, and the barriers to PA participation in Canadian students during the first year of university. : Questionnaires assessing PA variables were administered to 301 first-year students at the beginning and end of the academic year.

Sex-based differences in hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride storage and metabolism .

Women and men store lipid differently within the body with men storing more fat in the android region and women storing more fat in the gynoid region. Fat is predominately stored in adipose tissue as triacylglycerides (TG); however, TG are also stored in other tissues including the liver and skeletal muscle. Excess hepatic TG storage, defined as a TG concentration >5% of liver weight and known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is related to the metabolic syndrome.

Changes in nutrient intake and inflammation following an anti-inflammatory diet in spinal cord injury.

The objective of the current study was to describe the observed changes in nutrient intakes following a 3-month anti-inflammatory diet, and to explore potential relationships between the change in nutrients and the change in various inflammatory mediators. A secondary analysis of a prior randomized controlled clinical trial. Individuals with SCI within the Niagara region.