Advances in calcium phosphate coatings--anodic spark deposition: a review.

High voltage anodization of titanium in the presence of an electrolytic medium containing calcium and phosphate ions has shown improved osteointegration and biocompatibility compared to untreated titanium. Processing parameters influence the unique porous microstructure developed during anodization. These parameters tailor the specific properties of the surface to achieve improved osseointegration of an implant.

Characterization of commercial rigid polyurethane foams used as bone analogs for implant testing.

Mechanical properties and microstructure characterization of a series of graded commercial rigid polyurethane foams commonly used to mimic trabecular bone in testing orthopaedic devices is reported. Compressive testing conducted according to ASTM standard F1839-08, which requires large specimens (50.8 mm x 50.