The Geometrical Modeling of Aortic Root Complex.

Background: This study was designed to investigate the anatomical relationship of the different levels of aortic root.

Materials And Methods: The morphological features of the aortic root were examined using of 12 adult hearts from fixed male cadavers who had expired due to noncardiac causes by magnetic resonance imaging and applied mathematical analyses to the results. The measurements of the aortic root were done at four levels: at the ventriculoarterial junction (annulus), at the largest level of the Valsalva sinuses (sinus), at the level of commissures (sinotubular junction [STJ]), and at 1 cm above the STJ (aorta ascendens).

Inferior Phrenic Arteries and Their Branches, Their Anatomy and Possible Clinical Importance: An Experimental Cadaver Study.

Background: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is a common treatment for patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. If the carcinoma is advanced or the main arterial supply, the hepatic artery, is occluded, extrahepatic collateral arteries may develop. Both, right and left inferior phrenic arteries (RIPA and LIPA) are the most frequent and important among these collaterals.

Classification and localization of the adductor hiatus: a cadaver study.

Objective: To determine not only the vertical but also horizontal localization of the adductor hiatus (AH) and classify its shape and structure macroscopically.

Material And Methods: Forty lower extremities were dissected to expose the AH. Its shape and structure were macroscopically noted, and the AH was classified into four types.

The mendosal suture.

Purpose: The knowledge regarding the mendosal suture is still on debate in the literature. Though reports of the closure of this childhood suture are variable, a few reports show the presence of the suture in the adults. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and a better topographic location of the mendosal suture.

Surface anatomy of the transverse sinus for the midline infratentorial supracerebellar approach.

Aim: Knowing the location of the transverse sinus in the midline supracerebellar infratentorial approach is important to prevent its inadvertent injury. The external landmarks of the occipital bone have been studied in this anatomic study in order to reveal their relationship with the transverse sinus.

Material And Methods: Fifty-two dried skulls were used to study the relationship of the transverse sinus with various surface bone structures.

Evaluation of the bony landmarks in transcondylar approach.

Background: The aim of this study is to define the anatomic landmarks which are necessary for transcondylar approach and to determine the importance of these structures during surgical resection.

Methods: 56 dry skulls were included in this study. Landmarks were detected.

A multipurpose landmark for skull-base surgery: Henle's spine.

Objective: To determine whether Henle's spine could be used as a reliable and multipurpose landmark for the other important structures of the skull base.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-two specimens from 46 cadaveric adult dry skulls were studied. Two imaginary lines and a triangle were defined: a spinopterygoidal line extending from Henle's spine to the root of the medial pterygoid plate, a bispinal line extending from one Henle's spine to the contralateral one, and a parapetrosal triangle lying between the spinopterygoidal line, the bispinal line and the sagittal midline.

Surface anatomy of the posterolateral cranium regarding the localization of the initial burr-hole for a retrosigmoid approach.

Knowing the location of the venous sinuses is essential for the localization of the initial burr-hole for a retrosigmoid approach, in order to avoid inadvertent entry into the venous sinuses and limitation of the size of the bony opening. In this anatomic study, external landmarks of the posterolateral cranium have been studied, in order to reveal the relationship with the venous sinuses. Eighty-four dried adult human skulls were studied and study of both sides yielded 168 sides.

Morphometric evaluation of subaxial cervical vertebrae for surgical application of transpedicular screw fixation.

Study Design: A morphometric evaluation of pedicle projections in 29 cervical spinal columns (C3-C7) for three-dimensional surgical anatomy for safe surgery was proposed.

Objective: In this study, pedicles and intimate structures of the subaxial vertebrae from C3 to C7 were evaluated to provide some morphometric data for cervical transpedicular screw fixation.

Summary Of Background Data: Detailed knowledge of surgical anatomy and variation of the subaxial vertebrae is a must for safe and effective surgery of the region.

Eyebrow transplantation.

The eyebrow has a powerful influence on the appearance of the orbital region. Because the person without eyebrows has an unnatural look, drawing everyone's attention, eyebrow restoration/reconstruction should be viewed as an esthetic surgery performed to improve the patient's appearance and self-esteem. Although hair-bearing pedicled flaps and free composite strip grafts have been the most widely used approaches in clinical practice formerly, follicular unit transplantation (FUT) has gained more and more importance nowadays in eyebrow restoration because of its more rewarding results.

Follicular unit transplantation: the option of beard construction in eunuchoid men.

Background: Psychosocial problems are very common in eunuchoids and may be related to the impact of underlying disorders on the physical appearance which makes them unable to overcome the sense of inferiority of childhood. A beardless patient treated with follicular unit transplantation (FUT) is reported here.

Objective: Such patients desire to get rid of a boyish appearance and want to achieve a masculine appearance.