Retinal Layer and Choroidal Changes in Deep and Scuba Divers: Evidence of Pachychoroid Spectrum-Like Findings.

Diving is an intense physical activity under hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term effects of diving on the thicknesses of retinal layers and retinal anatomy in professional deep and scuba divers. The study included 52 eyes of deep divers who dive to depths of more than 130 feet (ft), 49 eyes of scuba divers who dive up to 130 ft, and 66 eyes of the control group, consisting of nondiving but regularly exercising males.

Reasons for Explantations of Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses in 1,490 Eyes.

Purpose: To investigate the reasons for the removal and/or exchange of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (PCPIOLs) and the outcomes of these procedures.

Methods: In this retrospective study, PCPIOL implantations performed between January 2015 and June 2023 in a single center were reviewed. The study group consisted of the files of eyes with removed and/or exchanged PCPIOL.

Chronic liver fibrosis induction in aging causes significant ultra-structural deterioration in liver and alteration on immune response gene expressions in liver-spleen axis.

The relationship between damage to the liver and spleen by aging and the immune response status in these two organs, which are anatomically and immunologically interconnected, is unknown. The authors investigated the histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunological effects of aging in young and aged fibrotic mice by using an experimental model. Four groups were planned, with 10 mice in each experimental group.

Regional Analysis of Inner Retinal Layer Changes in Multiple Sclerosis with and without Optic Neuritis.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate inner retinal changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by comparing them with healthy controls. The study also aimed to assess regional differences of inner retinal layer involvement in eyes with and without optic neuritis (ON).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study consisted of 141 eyes of 74 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 80 eyes of 40 healthy controls.

Electrophysiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the healthy retina.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) on the retina after ten sessions in healthy eyes.

Methods: This prospective, interventional study evaluated forty eyes of twenty patients who were treated with HBOT of ten sessions with the diagnosis of an extraocular health problem. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including assessments of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp and pupil-dilated fundus examinations, full-field electroretinography (ffERG) measurements before and after HBOT within 24 h of the 10th session.

Asymmetric intracorneal ring segments in the treatment of snowman phenotype keratoconus.

Objective: To evaluate refractive, aberrometric, topographic, and topometric outcomes of asymmetric intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation in snowman phenotype (asymmetric bow-tie) keratoconus.

Methods: This retrospective, interventional study included eyes with snowman phenotype keratoconus. Two asymmetric ICRSs (Keraring AS) were implanted after femtosecond laser-assisted tunnel formation.

Electrophysiological and anatomical outcomes of subthreshold micropulse laser therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Background: To evaluate short-term efficacy of subthreshold micropulse laser therapy on chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) electrophysiologically and anatomically.

Methods: This prospective study included 18 eyes with chronic CSC. Subthreshold micropulse laser therapy was applied to the eyes using Endpoint Management System (EpM).

Is hepatitis-B immunization effective during chronic liver fibrosis? Investigation of secretory and cellular immune responses on an experimental model.

Objective: Adults with end-stage of chronic liver diseases have lower antibody titers after hepatitis-B vaccination. We have less amount of knowledge about the effect of non-viral cause chronic liver fibrosis on vaccination. In this study, we investigated the effect of non-viral chronic liver fibrosis on hepatitis B vaccine and the effect of tetanous toxoid co-administration at the level of humoral and cellular immune responses in an experimental model.

Clinical, tomographic, and topometric outcomes of progressive thickness intracorneal ring segment implantations in duck-type keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the visual, refractive, tomographic, and topometric outcomes of progressive thickness intracorneal ring segment (PT-ICRS) implantation in duck-type keratoconus.

Methods: This retrospective study included eyes with oval (duck-type) keratoconus treated with PT-ICRS implantation. After the femtosecond laser tunnel creation, one PT-ICRS (Keraring AS 5 with 160° arc length) was implanted along the ectatic, inferior half of the cornea.

Influence of Lipoxin-A4 Treatment on Cytokine, Chemokine Genes Expression, and Phenotypic Distribution of Lymphocyte Subsets During Experimental Liver Fibrosis.

Objective: Lipoxins are anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving molecules that are secreted by immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. Lipoxins are a metabolite of the arachidonic acid pathway that resolve inflammation in fibrotic liver by producing several anti-inflammatory molecules. In this study, phenotypic distribution activation markers of lymphocytes in the spleen and expression levels of chemokines (chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10) cytokines (interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10) in the liver of lipoxin A4-treated fibrotic mice were investigated.

Changes of ocular biometry in eyes with posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation.

Objective: To evaluate changes in biometric variables and intraocular lens (IOL) calculation results after posterior chamber phakic IOL (PCPIOL) implantation.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 65 eyes of 38 patients who underwent PCPIOL (EVO Visian ICL) implantation for correction of myopia. Prior to and a minimum of one year (mean 14.

Effects of cyanocobalamin and its combination with morphine on neuropathic rats and the relationship between these effects and thrombospondin-4 expression.

Background: Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) upregulates in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain (NP). We investigated the effects of cyanocobalamin alone or in combination with morphine on pain and the relationship between these effects and spinal TSP4 expression in neuropathic rats.

Methods: NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.

Tuck-and-pull technique for posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens explantation.

The tuck-and-pull technique was developed for practical and safe explantations of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (PCPIOLs). In this technique, after the creation of a side port, viscoelastic (or OVD [ophthalmic viscosurgical device]) is initially injected behind the PCPIOL to widen the space between PCPIOL and the crystalline lens. The old incisions can be used after recent implantations rendering the enlargement of the main incision unnecessary.

The importance of antioxidant status in gastric intestinal metaplasia.

Background: Oxidative stress status in different cancer types was investigated before, but not studied in gastric intestinal metaplasia to the best of our knowledge. Purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a difference between oxidative stress status in patients with intestinal metaplasia (IM) compared to individuals without IM, we compared the serum levels of disulfide (SS), total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT).

Methods: This was a prospective, non-randomized casecontrol study including 67 patients with histopathologically confirmed IM and 60 individuals demographically matched in terms of age, gender, BMI, smoking status, and chronic diseases as control group.

Does conventional laser photocoagulation still have a place in the treatment of diabetic macular edema?

The study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy of conventional laser photocoagulation in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. In this retrospective study, the records of patients presented with diabetic macular edema (DME) and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy were reviewed. DME defined as clinically significant macular edema was treated by using argon green or yellow dye laser with focal, grid, and modified grid techniques according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study parameters.

Anatomical effects of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections on inner layers of the lesion-free retina.

Purpose: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on the inner retinal layer anatomy of the lesion-free retina in eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The secondary aim was to compare the changes of inner retinal layers in the lesion-free region of treated eyes with the same region of the untreated, fellow eyes and, thus, to elucidate any adverse effect of anti-VEGF treatments independently of 1-year aging changes.

Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal, case-control study of 50 eyes of 25 patients.

An unusual cause of anaemia: Rapunzel syndrome, a case report.

Trichobezoars present with stomach ache and with a mass in the stomach. It's common in the young and middle-aged women having psychiatric disorder, presenting with stomach ache and existence of mass in the stomach. Although it's one of the rare causes of anaemia it should be considered when dealing with cases of chronic and unresponsive anaemia.

The effects of implantable collamer lens implantation on higher order aberrations.

Aim: To evaluate the changes in higher order aberrations (HOAs) after implantable collamer lens (ICL; Staar Surgical, Nidau, Switzerland) implantation.

Methods: Totally 30 eyes of 18 patients with myopia were included in this study with an average age of 25.77y (min: 21, max: 40).

Dose-dependent effects of kefir on colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in rats.

Evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a critical role in the initiation and promotion of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Kefir is a fermented dairy product including yeast and bacterial species. We aimed to investigate the effect of kefir on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats using two different doses.

A bioactive product lipoxin A4 attenuates liver fibrosis in an experimental model by regulating immune response and modulating the expression of regeneration genes.

Background/aims: Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator, regulates leukocyte cellular activity and activates gene transcription. The therapeutic effect of LXA4 on liver fibrosis and its mechanism on the immune system are largely unknown. Because the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes in acute and chronic liver failure models of mouse increases by silencing MKK4, we aimed to investigate the effect of parenteral administration of LXA4 on the genes responsible for regeneration of liver, namely MKK4, MKK7, and ATF2, and visualize the therapeutic effects in an experimental model.

The relationship between caspase-1 related inflammasome expression and serum inflammatory cytokine levels during acute brucellosis.

Objective: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by in domestic and wild animals. It also causes systemic diseases with the involvement of different parts of the human body. An efficient innate immune response is crucial to cure brucellosis with optimum antibiotic treatment.

Neuroprotective effects of the new Na channel blocker rs100642 in global ischemic brain injury.

Introduction: RS100642, a mexiletine analogue, is a novel sodium channel blocker with neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. The protectivity of RS100642, which has been shown against focal cerebral ischemia, was investigated in global cerebral ischemia in this study.

Material And Methods: Global cerebral ischemia was induced for five minutes in adult male Wistar Albino rats via the 4-vessel occlusion method.

Linagliptin-related pancreatitis in a diabetic patient with biliary calculus: A case report.

Rationale: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are commonly used drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. While acute pancreatitis cases induced by saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin (all of which are members of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 group) have been reported, there is no clear evidence suggesting that linagliptin may cause pancreatitis, and information in this regard is limited to a few studies. Moreover, no pancreatitis cases have been reported that were directly associated with linagliptin.