Publications by authors named "Kayal A"

Introduction: Clinically significant post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bleeding (CSPEB) is common. Contemporary estimates of risk are lacking. We aimed to identify risk factors of and outcomes after CSPEB.

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Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has recently emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the poor in-plane electrical conductivity and inert basal plane activity pose major challenges in realizing its practical application. Herein, we demonstrate a new approach to induce biaxial strain into CVD-grown MoS monolayers by draping it over an array of patterned gold nanopillar arrays (AuNAs) as an efficient strategy to enhance its HER activity.

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The investigation of unsaturated or π-conjugated hydrocarbons, particularly within the macrocyclic framework, has garnered significant interest due to their fundamental properties and practical applications. This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a novel stable dicarbatriphyrin(2.1.

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Article Synopsis
  • Clinically significant post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bleeding (CSPEB) occurs in about 1.5% of procedures, often following higher-risk interventions like sphincterotomies, with patients frequently needing endoscopy and transfusions.
  • Key risk factors for CSPEB include the use of antiplatelet medications (like P2Y12 inhibitors) and anticoagulants (like warfarin and dabigatran), which significantly increase the likelihood of bleeding.
  • The study suggests that endoscopists may underestimate the bleeding risks associated with these medications, emphasizing the need for improved management of antithrombotic therapy during the periprocedural period to enhance
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Background: The isometric handgrip (IHG) test is commonly used to detect sympathetic autonomic dysfunction. Tamsulosin, approved for the management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), acts as an antagonist for α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR), whereas prazosin, an α receptor blocker, being less selective than tamsulosin, is used as an antihypertensive agent clinically. Our objective was to investigate if there is a distinction in blood pressure (BP) increase during IHG exercise between individuals with essential hypertension taking tamsulosin compared to those taking prazosin.

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The supplementation of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) has been banned in many countries because of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in poultry products and the environment. Probiotics have been broadly studied and demonstrated as a promising AGP substitute. Our study is centred on the effects of a multi-strain -based probiotic product on broiler production performance and gut microbial profile in a dexamethasone-induced leaky gut challenge.

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This research investigates the effects of phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) on the growth performance, gut microbial community, and microbial metabolic functions in weaned piglets via a combined 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics approach. A controlled trial was conducted using 200 pigs to highlight the significant influence of PFAs on gut microbiota dynamics. Notably, the treatment group revealed an increased gut microbiota diversity, as measured with the Shannon and Simpson indices.

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The poultry industry contributes significantly to the global meat industry but faces many production challenges like high-density housing, welfare issues, and pathogenic infections. While antibiotics have commonly been used to treat many of these issues, they are being removed from poultry production globally due to increased microbial resistance. Precision glycans offer a viable alternative to antibiotics by modulating microbial metabolic pathways.

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Mannheimia haemolytica is known as one of the major bacterial contributors to Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) syndrome. This study sought to establish a novel species-specific PCR to aid in identification of this key pathogen. As well, an existing multiplex PCR was used to determine the prevalence of serovars 1, 2 or 6 in Australia.

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All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of a 1,2-dimyristoyl--glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer in contact with liquid water were performed at different temperatures ranging from 285 to 320 K. We have investigated the heterogeneity and dynamical transitions in interfacial water as the lipid bilayer undergoes a melting transition. Results are obtained for water at the outer surface of the bilayer and for those buried more deeply in the lipid chains of the bilayer.

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We have synthesized and characterized a new two-dimensional honeycomb architecture resembling a single-layer of atomically precise silver cluster-assembled material (CAM), [Ag(SBu)(CFCOO)(4,4'-azopyridine)] (). The interlayer noncovalent van der Waals interactions within the single-crystals were successfully disrupted, leading to the creation of this unique structure. The optimized CAM demonstrates a valence band that is localized on the Ag cluster node situated near the Fermi energy level.

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The extraordinary mechanical properties of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides make them ideal candidates for investigating strain-induced control of various physical properties. Here we explore the role of nonuniform strain in modulating optical, electronic, and transport properties of semiconducting, chemical vapor deposited monolayer MoS, on periodically nanostructured substrates. A combination of spatially resolved spectroscopic and electronic properties explore and quantify the differential strain distribution and carrier density on a monolayer, as it conformally drapes over the periodic nanostructures.

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze antibiotic prescribing patterns in pediatric outpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India, to identify use of World Health Organization (WHO) access, watch and reserve (AWaRe) antibiotics and to identify rationality of prescribing on the basis of WHO core prescribing indicators.

Materials And Methods: Scanned copies of prescriptions were collected from the pediatrics outpatients and antibiotic utilization pattern was analyzed in reference to WHO AWaRe groupings and core prescribing indicators.

Results: Over the 3 months study period, 310 prescriptions were screened.

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Article Synopsis
  • Infection transmission after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can happen due to contaminated duodenoscopes, even after they undergo high-level disinfection.
  • A study aimed to compare contamination rates and technical performance between duodenoscopes with disposable elevator caps and standard designs, involving 518 patients across two Canadian ERCP centers.
  • Results showed that disposable elevator caps significantly reduced microbial contamination rates (3.8% vs. 11.2%) and did not compromise the technical success of ERCP procedures.
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The concept of designer microbiota in chicken is focused on early exposure of the hatchlings to pathogen-free microbiota inoculum, limiting the early access to harmful and pathogenic microorganisms, thus promoting colonisation of the gut with beneficial and natural poultry microbiota. In this study, we controlled colonisation of the intestine in broiler chickens in a large-scale industrial setting via at-hatch administration of a commercial product containing a highly diverse microbiota originating from the chicken caecum. The treatment significantly transformed the microbiota membership in the crop, proventriculus, jejunum and caecum and significantly altered the taxa abundance in the jejunum, jejunum mucosa, and caecum estimated using PERMANOVA and unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances, respectively.

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Laccases are copper-containing enzymes belonging to the family of multicopper oxidases (MCOs). All MCOs use molecular oxygen to oxidize a wide range of organic compounds by radical catalysis. One of the key fundamental properties of laccases is having high or low redox potentials depending on the active site organization.

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The incidence of intra-flake heterogeneity of spectroscopic and electrical properties in chemical vapour deposited (CVD) WSflakes is explored in a multi-physics investigation via spatially resolved spectroscopic maps correlated with electrical, electronic and mechanical properties. The investigation demonstrates that the three-fold symmetric segregation of spectroscopic response, in topographically uniform WSflakes are accompanied by commensurate segmentation of electronic properties e.g.

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Antibiotics are the major pharmaceutical wastes that are being exposed to the environment from the pharmaceutical industries and for the anthropogenic activities. The use of antibiotics for disease prevention and treatment in humans has been surpassed by the amount used in agriculture, particularly on livestock. It is stipulated that the overuse of antibiotics is the single largest reason behind the rise of bacterial anti-microbial resistance (AMR).

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Consumer push towards open and free-range production systems makes biosecurity on farms challenging, leading to increased disease and animal welfare issues. Phytogenic products are increasingly becoming a viable alternative for the use of antibiotics in livestock production. Here we present a study of the effects of commercial phytogenic supplement containing menthol, carvacrol and carvone on intestinal microbiota of layer hens, microbial functional capacity, and intestinal morphology.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers are investigating how SARS-CoV-2 infects lung cells by studying its protein interactions, particularly between the viral spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the human ACE2 receptor.
  • The study used computational methods like binding affinity calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to find that SARS-CoV-2 binds more strongly to ACE2 than its predecessor, SARS-CoV, and identified important water molecules at the interaction site that stabilize this binding.
  • Experimental validation confirmed these findings, and the research suggests that understanding these molecular interactions could lead to new treatments and vaccines against the virus.
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Pathogen control is a critical issue in the layer industry. Plant-based natural products are firmly replacing the undesirable use of antibiotics in animal production. The poultry industry embraced the opportunity to distance itself from the negative public perception of antibiotic use.

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The recent global pandemic associated with the highly contagious novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unpredictable loss of life and economy worldwide, and the discovery of antiviral drugs is an urgent necessity. For the discovery of new drug leads and for the treatment of various diseases, natural products and purified photochemical from medicinal plants are used. The RNA cap was methylated by two S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), catalyzed by NSP16 2'-O-Mtase.

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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 85% of all renal neoplasms, 60% of which are diagnosed incidentally. Most are unilateral, but bilateral tumors, synchronous or asynchronous, have been found in 2%-4% of reported sporadic cases. The occurrence of synchronous bilateral renal neoplasms with different histology in the same individual is very rare.

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