Role of intracranial bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in stroke recovery: A focus on post-stroke inflammation and mitochondrial transfer.

Stem cell therapy has become a hot research topic in the medical field in recent years, with enormous potential for treating a variety of diseases. In particular, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have wide-ranging applications in the treatment of ischemic stroke, autoimmune diseases, tissue repair, and difficult-to-treat diseases. BMSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types and exhibit strong immunomodulatory properties.

Effects of long-term regular oral aspirin combined with atorvastatin to prevent ischemic stroke on human gut microbiota.

Purpose: Every year, there is a large number of people take aspirin and atorvastatin to prevent ischemic stroke, but the effect of these drugs on gut microbiota remains unknown. We aimed to examine the effects of long-term regular oral aspirin with atorvastatin to prevent ischemic stroke on human gut microbiota.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 20 participants with the drugs over one year and the other 20 gender- and age-matching participants without medication were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University.

Mitochondrial Transplantation and Immune Response of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Therapeutic of Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality, imposing a significant social and economic burden on patients and their families. However, cerebral vascular occlusion leads to acute loss of neurons and destruction of synaptic structures. The limited treatment options cannot adequately address intra-neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction due to stroke.

Immune response treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after stroke.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is an effective treatment for ischemic stroke. However, only a small part of patients could benefit from it.

Extended Ischemic Recovery After Implantation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates Indicated by Sodium MRI at 21.1 T.

Extended therapeutic application remains a significant issue in the use of stem cell therapies to treat ischemic stroke. Along these lines, neurological recovery in a rodent model of ischemic stroke was evaluated following implantation of human mesenchymal stem cell aggregates (hMSC-agg), labeled with micron-sized particles of iron oxide, directly into the lateral ventricle contralateral to the ischemic lesion hemisphere. Longitudinally, disease progression and response to hMSC-agg therapy were assessed by H and Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 21.

PRL1 Promotes Glioblastoma Invasion and Tumorigenesis Activating USP36-Mediated Snail2 Deubiquitination.

Regenerating liver phosphatase 1 (PRL1) is an established oncogene in various cancers, although its biological function and the underlying mechanisms in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unclear. Here, we showed that PRL1 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines, and positively correlated with the tumor grade. Consistently, ectopic expression of PRL1 in glioma cell lines significantly enhanced their tumorigenicity and invasion both and by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Human parthenogenetic neural stem cell grafts promote multiple regenerative processes in a traumatic brain injury model.

International Stem Cell Corporation human parthenogenetic neural stem cells (ISC-hpNSC) have potential therapeutic value for patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we demonstrate the behavioral and histological effects of transplanting ISC-hpNSC intracerebrally in an animal model of TBI. : Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a moderate controlled cortical impact TBI surgery.

Management of De Novo Carotid Stenosis and Postintervention Restenosis-Carotid Endarterectomy Versus Carotid Artery Stenting-a Review of Literature.

The current literature indicates carotid endarterectomy (CEA) as the preferred treatment for symptomatic, moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis. However, recommendations for the management of acute tandem stenosis and complete occlusion, as well as postintervention restenosis of the carotid artery, remain controversial. Here, we review the literature evaluating these conditions and provide suggestions for clinical decision-making.

Transplanting GABAergic Neurons Differentiated from Neural Stem Cells into Hippocampus Inhibits Seizures and Epileptiform Discharges in Pilocarpine-Induced Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model.

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether intrahippocampal transplantation of GABAergic neurons generated in vitro ameliorated seizures and epileptiform discharges via increasing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-associated inhibition mediated by the addition of new GABAergic neurons.

Methods: Neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from newborn rats were induced and differentiated into GABAergic neurons. A total of 36 Pilocarpine-induced pharmacoresistant epileptic rats were divided into 3 groups: PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) group, NSCs group, and GABAergic neurons group (GABA group), with an additional 10 normal rats used (normal rat control group).

Human stem cells transplanted into the rat stroke brain migrate to the spleen via lymphatic and inflammation pathways.

Despite mounting evidence of a massive peripheral inflammatory response accompanying stroke, the ability of intracerebrally transplanted cells to migrate to the periphery and sequester systemic inflammation remains unexamined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells intracerebrally transplanted in the brain of adult rats subjected to experimental stroke can migrate to the spleen, a vital organ that confers peripheral inflammation after stroke. Sham or experimental stroke was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by a 1 hour middle cerebral artery occlusion model.

Covered Stent to Salvage Iatrogenic Vertebral Artery Injury with Uncontrolled Bleeding in the Operating Room Setting.

Background: Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury is an uncommon but well recognized complication during cervical spine surgery. Intraoperative surgical repair is extremely challenging, and options for endovascular repair are limited because of the lack of proper equipment in the operating room setting.

Case Description: A 53-year-old woman who presented with myelopathy underwent anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion of C3-7.

Complete resolution of a cervical spine aneurysmal bone cyst after single session of endovascular embolization: Case report.

Treatment options for aneurysmal bone cysts include intralesional curettage, segmental excision, en bloc resection and endovascular embolization. The most commonly used treatment is intralesional curettage and selective arterial embolization is normally an adjunctive therapy, not a definitive treatment. We report a case of a C1 lateral mass aneurysmal bone cyst treated with a single session of endovascular embolization.

May the force be with you: Transfer of healthy mitochondria from stem cells to stroke cells.

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world with limited therapeutic option. Here, we discuss the critical role of mitochondria in stem cell-mediated rescue of stroke brain by highlighting the concept that deleting the mitochondria from stem cells abolishes the cells' regenerative potency. The application of innovative approaches entailing generation of mitochondria-voided stem cells as well as pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial function may elucidate the mechanism underlying transfer of healthy mitochondria to ischemic cells, thereby providing key insights in the pathology and treatment of stroke and other brain disorders plagued with mitochondrial dysfunctions.

Influence of hippocampal low-frequency stimulation on GABA R α1, ICER and BNDF expression level in brain tissues of amygdala-kindled drug-resistant temporal lobe epileptic rats.

This study investigated the therapeutic effect of hippocampal low-frequency stimulation (Hip-LFS) and its influence on the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor α1 subunit (GABA R α1 subunit), inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BNDF). The model of epilepsy was induced by chronic electrical stimulation in amygdala. Drug-resistant and drug-sensitive epileptic rats were selected by testing their seizure response to phenytoin and phenobarbital.

An update on intracerebral stem cell grafts.

Primary neurological disorders are notoriously debilitating and deadly, and over the past four decades stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment. Translation of stem cell therapies from the bench to the clinic requires a better understanding of delivery protocols, safety profile, and efficacy in each disease. Areas covered: In this review, benefits and risks of intracerebral stem cell transplantation are presented for consideration.

Suppressed acoustic startle response in traumatic brain injury masks post-traumatic stress disorder hyper-responsivity.

An exaggerated acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a clinical indicator of anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the prevalence of PTSD following traumatic brain injury (TBI), we studied the effects of TBI on ASR. Adult Sprague Dawley rats exposed to moderate controlled cortical impact injury model of TBI displayed suppression of ASR intensity and sensitivity.

The working road map in a neurosurgical Hybrid Angio-Surgical suite------ development and practice of a neurosurgical Hybrid Angio-Surgical suite.

Background: The concept of a Hybrid Angio-Surgical Suite (HASS) has emerged as a solution to the complexity of cerebrovascular surgery and the need for immediate intraoperative feedback. When to use it, what cases are suitable for its use, who can use it and how to use it remain debatable.

Objective: Provide the information regarding the application of the HASS for hospital, neurosurgeon and interventionalist.

A novel approach to glioma therapy using an oncolytic adenovirus with two specific promoters.

Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults, where more than half of the cases are malignant, and the prognosis is poor. The early viral 1A (E1A) protein has been widely recognized to be essential for adenoviral replication and production of progeny virions in human cells, a process that is regulated by human telomerase reverse transcriptase. The p53 gene, as a tumor suppressor, regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, cell autophagy, senescence and apoptosis.

Multifaceted Effects of Delta Opioid Receptors and DADLE in Diseases of the Nervous System.

Background: The opioid system is considered a potential therapeutic target in a variety of neurological disorders. Delta opioid receptors (DORs) are broadly expressed in the brain, and their activation protects cells from hypoxic/ischemic insults by counteracting disruptions of ionic homeostasis and initiating neuroprotective pathways. The DOR agonist D-Ala2-D-Leu2-Enkephalin (DADLE) promotes neuronal survival, mitigates apoptotic pathways, and protects neurons and glial cells from ischemia-induced cell death, thus making DADLE a promising therapeutic option for stroke.

Stem Cell-Induced Biobridges as Possible Tools to Aid Neuroreconstruction after CNS Injury.

Notch-induced mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate a distinct mechanism of repair after brain injury by forming a biobridge that facilitates biodistribution of host cells from a neurogenic niche to the area of injury. We have observed the biobridge in an area between the subventricular zone and the injured cortex using immunohistochemistry and laser capture. Cells in the biobridge express high levels of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-9, which co-localized with a trail of MSCs graft.