Identification of Severe Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subgroups by Machine Learning Implementation in Electronic Health Records.

Rationale: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs) are heterogeneous. Machine learning (ML) has previously been used to dissect some of the heterogeneity in COPD. The widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) has led to the rapid accumulation of large amounts of patient data as part of routine clinical care.

Quantifying wildland fire resources deployed during the compound threat of COVID-19.

Fire agencies across the United States must make complex resource allocation decisions to manage wildfires using a national network of shared firefighting resources. Firefighters play a critical role in suppressing fires and protecting vulnerable communities. However, they are exposed to health and safety risks associated with fire, smoke inhalation, and infectious disease transmission.

Realising Person-Centredness: Transitioning to a Clustered Domestic Model of Aged Residential Care for People With and Without Dementia.

Introduction: Many older people who cannot live independently live in aged residential care facilities to obtain support with social and healthcare needs. Despite old age being a precious time for people to live well, many facility residents have limited access to activities that promote their well-being and connectedness. In New Zealand, one provider of aged residential care developed a village inspired by de Hogeweyk in the Netherlands, where resident engagement in valued activities supports continuing lifelong identities.

A systematic review of reasons and risks for acute service use by older adult residents of long-term care.

Aims And Objectives: To identify the reasons and/or risk factors for hospital admission and/or emergency department attendance for older (≥60 years) residents of long-term care facilities.

Background: Older adults' use of acute services is associated with significant financial and social costs. A global understanding of the reasons for the use of acute services may allow for early identification and intervention, avoid clinical deterioration, reduce the demand for health services and improve quality of life.

Ageism directed at older nurses in their workplace: A systematic review.

Aims: To identify and synthesise evidence related to ageism in older regulated nurses' practice settings.

Design: A systematic review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.

Methods: The review included empirical studies that involved older nurses as the primary study population and studies that focused on ageism in older nurses' work environments, including strategies or interventions to address ageism within the workplace.

Graduate entry nursing students' development of professional nursing self: A scoping review.

Background: Accelerated graduate entry nursing programmes require students to rapidly socialise to the profession. Professional identity is an important element of becoming a nurse.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to synthesise published literature reporting the development of professional identity, belongingness and self-concept as a nurse in students enrolled in a pre-registration graduate entry nursing programme.

Deep learning prediction of hospital readmissions for asthma and COPD.

Question: Severe asthma and COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization are linked to increased disease morbidity and healthcare costs. We sought to identify Electronic Health Record (EHR) features of severe asthma and COPD exacerbations and evaluate the performance of four machine learning (ML) and one deep learning (DL) model in predicting readmissions using EHR data.

Study Design And Methods: Observational study between September 30, 2012, and December 31, 2017, of patients hospitalized with asthma and COPD exacerbations.

Education pathways for graduate entry registered nurses to transition to advanced practice roles: A realist review.

Objective: Explore potential education and clinical pathways for nurses entering the profession through a Graduate Entry Nursing programme to transition to advanced practice roles.

Design: Realist review.

Review Methods: A two stage process included 1) a systematic search of the following electronic databases EMCARE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, and Scopus for published peer reviewed literature reporting academic pathways for graduates of graduate entry nursing programmes to progress to advanced nursing roles, and 2) consultation with key education programme stakeholders of graduate entry nursing programmes across Australasia, who undertook an inductive interpretive approach using realist logic to determine what works, for whom, and in what circumstances.

Shared genetic architecture of blood eosinophil counts and asthma in UK Biobank.

Rationale: Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous disease strongly associated with type 2 inflammation, and blood eosinophil counts guide therapeutic interventions in moderate and severe asthma. Eosinophils are leukocytes involved in type 2 immune responses. Despite these critical associations between asthma and blood eosinophil counts, the shared genetic architecture of these two traits remains unknown.

Learning experiences of first year graduate entry nursing students in New Zealand and Australia: a qualitative case study.

Background: Graduate entry nursing programmes provide students with an accelerated pathway to becoming a registered nurse. Motivations for study, together with commonly shared characteristics of students enrolling in such programmes is becoming well documented, however, their experiences of studying for a professional qualification in this manner is less understood. As a means of maintaining the relevance of these fast-tracked programmes in the future, an understanding of graduate entry nursing students' experiences of academic teaching and clinical placements is imperative.

Multiscale predictors of small tree survival across a heterogeneous tropical landscape.

Uncertainties about controls on tree mortality make forest responses to land-use and climate change difficult to predict. We tracked biomass of tree functional groups in tropical forest inventories across Puerto Rico and the U.S.

Organizational Innovation in Long Term Care Enabled by Collaboration Between Government Agencies: A Critical Realist Case Study.

Long term care for older people is a highly regulated sector providing accommodation, health, and social care to vulnerable older adults. Older adults in New Zealand are among the highest users of long term care services globally. Traditionally those requiring specialist care for dementia are housed apart from other residents.

A cross-sectional description of the health characteristics of cognitively impaired older adults.

Objectives: The analysis presented here describes the care needs of older adults with and without cognitive impairment. To describe the health characteristics of older adults with and without cognitive impairment who receive home care or Aged Residential Care services in New Zealand.

Methods: A descriptive analysis of the initial interRAI assessment for adults older than 55 years was undertaken.

Exploring the experiences and perceptions of students in a graduate entry nursing programme: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

Background: Students commencing graduate entry fast-tracked nursing programmes leading to registration are highly motivated and characterised by rich life experiences. Given their unique motivations and characteristics, gaining insight into their experiences of graduate entry programmes will inform strategic directions in education.

Objective: To synthesise graduate entry nursing students' self-reported experiences and perceptions of their accelerated programme.

Endemic Jeffrey Pine Beetle Associates: Beetle/Mite Fungal Dissemination Strategies and Interactions That May Influence Beetle Population Levels.

Fungal and mite associates may drive changes in bark beetle populations, and mechanisms constraining beetle irruptions may be hidden in endemic populations. We characterized common fungi of endemic-level Jeffrey pine beetle (JPB) in western USA and analyzed their dissemination by JPB (maxillae and fecal pellet) and fungivorous mites to identify if endogenous regulation drove the population. We hypothesized that: (1) as in near-endemic mountain pine beetle populations, JPB's mutualistic fungus would either be less abundant in endemic than in non-endemic populations or that another fungus may be more prevalent; (2) JPB primarily transports its mutualistic fungus, while its fungivorous mites primarily transport another fungus, and (3) based on the prevalence of yeasts in bark beetle symbioses, that a mutualistic interaction with blue-stain fungi present in that system may exist.

An Overview of Sex and Gender in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.

Disparities in health care have risen to the forefront of medicine in the past several years. One of the most notable disparities in the research and delivery of health care relates to sex and gender. Sex and gender affect the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of disease and social determinants of health and access to medical care.

What Motivates People to Start a Graduate Entry Nursing Programme: An Interpretive Multi-Centred Case Study.

Introduction: While graduate entry nursing programmes are well established in the United Kingdom and the United States of America (USA), they are relatively new to New Zealand and Australia. These programmes have been developed to meet the demands of the health workforce and provide graduates an alternative pathway to becoming a RN. Nursing is viewed as an attractive career option for this growing market of graduate entry students.

The Patient Care Ownership Scale: External Validation of an Instrument that Measures Patient Care Ownership Among Internal Medicine Trainees-a Multi-Institutional Study.

Background: Patient care ownership improves accountability, clinical skills, and quality of patient care among resident physicians, but appears to be gradually eroding. Research is limited by the lack of a reliable, objective measure of ownership.

Objective: To validate the Patient Care Ownership Scale, an instrument that measures decision ownership among internal medicine residents.

What motivates people to commence a graduate entry nursing programme: a mixed method scoping review.

Background: The global deficit of nurses demands urgent attention in the recruitment and education of this future workforce. Graduate entry nursing (GEN) programmes are one option for people with undergraduate degrees who are seeking nursing education. Determining the key motivations for enrolling in these programmes will support the development of new initiatives in the education sector to both recruit and retain this future workforce and inform future primary research.

Beginning on an age-friendly journey: Barriers to implementing age-friendly initiatives.

Objective: To explore the barriers to communities in New Zealand developing age-friendly initiatives.

Methods: A qualitative participatory approach underpinned this study. Semi-structured digitally recorded individual interviews were undertaken with 24 government officials, local government steering group members and community representatives from an urban city, provincial city and a rural district.

Assessing civility at an academic health science center: Implications for employee satisfaction and well-being.

Incivilities are pervasive among workers in healthcare institutions. Previously identified effects include deterioration of employee physical and mental health, absenteeism, burnout, and turnover, as well as reduced patient safety and quality of care. This study documented factors related to organizational civility at an academic health sciences center (AHSC) as the basis for future intervention work.

Adolescents' Disclosure of Mental Illness to Parents: Preferences and Barriers.

Adolescents with a diagnosable mental health disorder must often first disclose their mental health problems to a parent in order to obtain professional mental health treatment. The decision to disclose private, personal health information is the result of successful progression through disclosure decision-making processes fraught with barriers that can discourage disclosure; therefore, the current study explored adolescents' perceptions of factors that facilitate or discourage disclosure of mental health information to parents. Thematic analysis of a series of focus groups with adolescents with and without a mental health disorder discovered several themes that describe factors adolescents consider in the disclosure decision-making process.

Factors and costs associated with removal of a newly established population of invasive wild pigs in Northern U.S.

The human-mediated spread of exotic and invasive species often leads to unintentional and harmful consequences. Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one such species that have been repeatedly translocated throughout the United States and cause extensive damage to natural ecosystems, threatened and endangered species, agricultural resources, and private lands. In 2005, a newly established population of wild pigs was confirmed in Fulton County, Illinois, U.

Accessing rural health services: Results from a qualitative narrative gerontological study.

Objective: Explore how older adults' talk about accessing rural community health services.

Methods: A qualitative narrative gerontological approach explored issues related to accessing health services in their community. Semi-structured digitally recorded individual interviews were undertaken with 32 community-dwelling older people aged between 75 and 93 years.

Factors affecting lifetime reproduction, long-term territory-specific reproduction, and estimation of habitat quality in northern goshawks.

One measure of habitat quality is a species' demographic performance in a habitat and the gold standard metric of performance is reproduction. Such a measure, however, may be misleading if individual quality is a fitness determinant. We report on factors affecting lifetime reproduction (LR), the total number of lifetime fledglings produced by an individual, and long-term territory-specific reproduction in a multi-generational study of northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis).