Prevalence and counts of Salmonella and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in raw, shelled runner peanuts.

Three major outbreaks of salmonellosis linked to consumption of peanut butter during the last 6 years have underscored the need to investigate the potential sources of Salmonella contamination in the production process flow. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence and levels of Salmonella in raw peanuts. Composite samples (1,500 g, n = 8) of raw, shelled runner peanuts representing the crop years 2009, 2010, and 2011 were drawn from 10,162 retained 22-kg lot samples of raw peanuts that were negative for aflatoxin.

Tracking the sources of salmonella in ground beef produced from nonfed cattle.

The objective of this study was to determine the source(s) of Salmonella contamination in ground beef. One hundred dairy cows were harvested in a U.S.

Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding an immunoglobulin-binding receptor on the cell surface of some members of the family Trypanosomatidae.

Several members of the Trypanosomatidae family, when freshly isolated from their mammalian hosts, have immunoglobulins adsorbed to their cell surfaces. However, a significant portion of these antibody molecules is not parasite specific, i.e.

Protective efficacy of a tandemly linked, multi-subunit recombinant leishmanial vaccine (Leish-111f) formulated in MPL adjuvant.

Three immunodominant leishmanial antigens (TSA, LmSTI1 and LeIF) previously identified in the context of host response to infection in infected donors and BALB/c mice, as well as their ability to elicit at least partial protection against Leishmania major infection in the BALB/c mouse model, were selected for inclusion into a subunit based vaccine. This is based on the premise that an effective vaccine against leishmaniasis (a complex parasitic infection) would require a multivalent cocktail of several antigens containing a broader range of protective epitopes that would cover a wide range of MHC types in a heterogeneous population. For practical considerations of vaccine development, we report on the generation of a single recombinant polyprotein comprising the sequences of all three open reading frames genetically linked in tandem.

Immunization with a polyprotein vaccine consisting of the T-Cell antigens thiol-specific antioxidant, Leishmania major stress-inducible protein 1, and Leishmania elongation initiation factor protects against leishmaniasis.

Development of an effective vaccine against Leishmania infection is a priority of tropical disease research. We have recently demonstrated protection against Leishmania major in the murine and nonhuman primate models with individual or combinations of purified leishmanial recombinant antigens delivered as plasmid DNA constructs or formulated with recombinant interleukin-12 (IL-12) as adjuvant. In the present study, we immunized BALB/c mice with a recombinant polyprotein comprising a tandem fusion of the leishmanial antigens thiol-specific antioxidant, L.