Imaging of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: An Update.

Imaging is essential in the evaluation and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Advances in multi-energy CT including dual-energy CT and photon-counting CT have allowed faster scans with lower radiation dose and optimal quality. Artificial intelligence has a potential role in triaging potentially positive examinations and could serve as a second reader.

Cerebral palsy in Australia: birth prevalence, 1995-2016, and differences by residential remoteness: a population-based register study.

Objective: To examine recent changes in the birth prevalence of cerebral palsy in Australia; to examine the functional mobility of children with cerebral palsy by residential remoteness.

Study Design: Population-based register study; analysis of Australian Cerebral Palsy Register (ACPR) data.

Setting, Participants: Children with cerebral palsy born in Australia, 1995-2016, and included in the ACPR at the time of the most recent state/territory data provision (31 July 2022).

Measurement and Application of Incidentally Detected Coronary Calcium: JACC Review Topic of the Week.

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a powerful tool for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk stratification. The nongated, noncontrast chest computed tomography scan (NCCT) has emerged as a source of CAC characterization with tremendous potential due to the high volume of NCCT scans. Application of incidental CAC characterization from NCCT has raised questions around score accuracy, standardization of methodology including the possibility of deep learning to automate the process, and the risk stratification potential of an NCCT-derived score.

MR Perfusion Imaging of the Lung.

Lung perfusion assessment is critical for diagnosing and monitoring a variety of respiratory conditions. MRI perfusion provides a radiation-free technique, making it an ideal choice for longitudinal imaging in younger populations. This review focuses on the techniques and applications of MRI perfusion, including contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI and non-CE methods such as arterial spin labeling (ASL), fourier decomposition (FD), and hyperpolarized 129-Xenon (129-Xe) MRI.

Deep Learning for Detection of Pneumothorax and Pleural Effusion on Chest Radiographs: Validation Against Computed Tomography, Impact on Resident Reading Time, and Interreader Concordance.

Purpose: To study the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) for detecting pleural pathology on chest radiographs (CXRs) using computed tomography as ground truth.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study of subjects undergoing CXR in various clinical settings. Computed tomography obtained within 24 hours of the CXR was used to volumetrically quantify pleural effusions (PEfs) and pneumothoraxes (Ptxs).

Comparative Effectiveness of Coronary CT Angiography and Standard of Care for Evaluating Acute Chest Pain: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To perform a living systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and standard of care (SOC) in the evaluation of acute chest pain (ACP).

Materials And Methods: Multiple electronic databases were systematically searched, with the most recent search conducted on October 31, 2022. Studies were stratified into two groups according to the pretest probability for acute coronary syndrome (group 1 with predominantly low-to-intermediate risk vs group 2 with high risk).

Contributions to the knowledge of the Cicadellini sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with citrus orchards in Argentina.

Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. is a xylem-borne bacterium that causes some of the most important plant diseases to woody plants such as citrus, olives, almonds and other cultures. This pathogen is mainly transmitted by sharpshooters, among which the tribe Cicadellini (Cicadellinae) includes the largest number of proven vectors.

Update: Pictorial Guide to CAD-RADS 2.0.

.- Update articles supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in . These updates, written by at least one author of the previous article, provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes.

Know your way around acute unenhanced CT during global iodinated contrast crisis: a refresher to ED radiologists.

Due to a contrast shortage crisis resulting from the decreased supply of iodinated contrast agents, the American College of Radiology (ACR) has issued a guidance statement followed by memoranda from various hospitals to preserve and prioritize the limited supply of contrast. The vast majority of iodinated contrast is used by CT, with a minority used by vascular and intervention radiology, fluoroscopy, and other services. A direct consequence is a paradigm shift to large volume unenhanced CT scans being utilized for acute and post traumatic patients in EDs, an uncharted territory for most radiologists and trainees.

What the Baby Formula and Medical Contrast Material Shortages Have in Common: Insights and Recommendations for Managing the Iodinated Contrast Media Shortage.

The impact of supply chain and supply chain logistics, including personnel directly and indirectly related to the movement of supplies, has come to light in a variety of industries since the global COVID-19 pandemic. Acutely, the experience with baby formula and iodinated contrast material exposes key vulnerabilities to supply chains. The rather sudden diminished availability of iodinated contrast material has forced health care systems to engage in more judicious use of product through catalyzing the adoption of behaviors that had been recommended and deemed reasonable prior to the shortage.

Detection of Incidental Pulmonary Embolism on Conventional Contrast-Enhanced Chest CT: Comparison of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and Clinical Reports.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have shown strong performance for detection of pulmonary embolism (PE) on CT examinations performed using a dedicated protocol for PE detection. AI performance is less well studied for detecting PE on examinations ordered for reasons other than suspected PE (i.e.

Supportive relations in a feminized occupation: How male and female veterinarians compare.

Several traditionally male-dominated professions, including law and medicine, have experienced an influx of women over the last 30 years. We extend research on gender equality in the professions, which has often examined segmentation and stratification, by examining the integration of men and women into a traditionally male-dominated profession in terms of the emotional and instrumental support they receive from colleagues. We examine veterinary medicine as a case study because interestingly this profession has seen the most dramatic growth in the representation of women over the last 30 years - more than law or medicine.

Deep Learning-Based COVID-19 Pneumonia Classification Using Chest CT Images: Model Generalizability.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide research efforts have focused on using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on various medical data of COVID-19-positive patients in order to identify or classify various aspects of the disease, with promising reported results. However, concerns have been raised over their generalizability, given the heterogeneous factors in training datasets. This study aims to examine the severity of this problem by evaluating deep learning (DL) classification models trained to identify COVID-19-positive patients on 3D computed tomography (CT) datasets from different countries.

CT Findings and Patterns of e-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury: A Multicenter Cohort of 160 Cases.

Background: e-Cigarette or vaping-induced lung injury (EVALI) causes a spectrum of CT lung injury patterns. Relative frequencies and associations with vaping behavior are unknown.

Research Question: What are the frequencies of imaging findings and CT patterns in EVALI and what is the relationship to vaping behavior?

Study Design And Methods: CT scans of 160 subjects with EVALI from 15 institutions were retrospectively reviewed.

Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Document on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA.

Routine screening CT for the identification of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pneumonia is currently not recommended by most radiology societies. However, the number of CT examinations performed in persons under investigation for COVID-19 has increased. We also anticipate that some patients will have incidentally detected findings that could be attributable to COVID-19 pneumonia, requiring radiologists to decide whether or not to mention COVID-19 specifically as a differential diagnostic possibility.

Quantitative CT Detects Undiagnosed Low Bone Mineral Density in Oncologic Patients Imaged With 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: We assessed the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in oncologic patients undergoing F-FDG PET/CT.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 100 patients who underwent F-FDG PET/CT at a single center from October 2015 till May 2016. Quantitative CT (QCT) was used to assess BMD at the lumbar spine (BMDQCT) and femoral necks (BMDCTXA).

Dual-energy CT and coronary imaging.

Dual-energy computed tomography has been proposed for enhancing the evaluation of coronary artery disease in many fronts. However, the clinical translation of such applications has followed a slower pace of clinical translation. This paper will review the evidence supporting the use of dual-energy computed tomography in coronary artery disease (CAD) and provide some practical illustrations, while underscoring the challenges and gaps in knowledge that have contributed to this phenomenon.