The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the antimicrobial stewardship workforce in Scottish acute care hospitals-a qualitative study.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes seek to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance by minimizing inappropriate antimicrobial use. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was characterized by initial widespread use of antimicrobials in patients with COVID-19, with potential negative effects on AMS efforts.

Objective: To explore the impact of the pandemic on the AMS workforce in Scottish acute care hospitals.

Theoretical models applied to understand infection prevention and control practices of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Background: Effective infection prevention and control (IPC) practices among healthcare workers are crucial to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other infections in healthcare settings.

Aim: To synthesise evidence on behaviour change theories, models, or frameworks applied to understand healthcare workers' IPC practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: PubMed, EBSCOhost interface, ProQuest interface, MEDLINE (Ovid), and grey literature were searched for primary studies published between December 2019 and May 2023.

Striving for Improved Infection Prevention and Control Practice: A Grounded Theory of Healthcare Workers' Struggles in Implementing Infection Prevention and Control Guidance in Uganda.

There is a scarcity of qualitative research focusing on the implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance in low-income countries. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding the implementation of IPC guidance at the healthcare facility level in Uganda. The study also sought to generate a theoretical understanding of the processes involved in implementing IPC guidance in these settings.

Hospital patient experiences of contact isolation for antimicrobial resistant organisms in relation to health care-associated infections: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence.

Background: The alarming growth of antimicrobial resistance organisms (AMRs) and the threat caused by health care-associated infections require hospitalized individuals who are infected or colonized with AMRs to be cared for in isolation, predominantly in single rooms. None of the existing reviews focus on or specifically address the patient's experience of being cared for in contact isolation when affected by AMRs exploring this specific context.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance for the conduct of systematic reviews was applied.

Interventions to improve the review of antibiotic therapy in acute care hospitals: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Objectives: To synthesize current evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to ensure the timely review of antibiotics in acute care hospitals.

Methods: Five databases were searched from 1 January 2015 to 8 March 2019 for studies in English, focused on the timely review of antibiotics in acute care hospitals. Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized studies, case-control and cohort study designs were eligible.

Mechanisms affecting the implementation of a national antimicrobial stewardship programme; multi-professional perspectives explained using normalisation process theory.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) describes activities concerned with safe-guarding antibiotics for the future, reducing drivers for the major global public health threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), whereby antibiotics are less effective in preventing and treating infections. Appropriate antibiotic prescribing is central to AMS. Whilst previous studies have explored the effectiveness of specific AMS interventions, largely from uni-professional perspectives, our literature search could not find any existing evidence evaluating the processes of implementing an integrated national AMS programme from multi-professional perspectives.

Fostering nursing innovation to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance using approaches from the arts and humanities.

Background: Efforts to address the complex global problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) highlight the need for imagination and innovation. However, nursing has not yet leveraged its potential to innovate to prevent AMR advancing.

Aims: This paper focuses on the initial phase of an ongoing research and development study that seeks to foster nursing imagination and innovation by enhancing the meaningfulness of AMR for practising nurses and by facilitating their creative ideas.

Patient experience of hospital screening for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: A qualitative study.

Aim: To explore patients' accounts of screening and being managed for colonisation with the antimicrobial resistant organism, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), when in hospital.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as one of the biggest global health challenges of the 21st Century. As the threat from AMR grows, screening to identify patients who are colonised with resistant organisms such as CPE is becoming an increasingly important aspect of nursing practice, in order to reduce risk of transmission of infection within hospitals.

The acceptability of screening for Carbapenemase Producing (CPE): cross-sectional survey of nursing staff and the general publics' perceptions.

Background: Carbapenemase Producing (CPE) has spread rapidly and presents a growing challenge in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) management internationally. Screening for CPE may involve a rectal swab, there are limited treatment options for affected patients, and colonised patients are cared for in isolation to protect others. These measures are sound infection prevention precautions; however, the acceptability of CPE screening and its consequences are currently unknown.

Pet owner and vet interactions: exploring the drivers of AMR.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health problem across the world. As the negative consequences of AMR become apparent at local, national and international levels, more attention is being focussed on the variety of mechanisms by which AMR is potentiated. We explore how interactions between pet owners and veterinarians represent a key arena in which AMR-related behaviours can be shaped.

Expert consensus regarding drivers of antimicrobial stewardship in companion animal veterinary practice: a Delphi study.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global challenge facing both human and animal healthcare professionals; an effective response to this threat requires a 'One-Health' approach to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) to preserve important antibiotics for urgent clinical need. However, understanding of barriers and enablers to effective AMS behaviour in companion animal veterinary practice is currently limited. We conducted a Delphi study of 16 nationally recognised experts from UK-based veterinary policymakers, university academics and leaders of professional bodies.

Working in the Field of Complex Psychological Trauma: A Framework for Personal and Professional Growth, Training, and Supervision.

The aim of this article is to explore the positive and negative impacts of working therapeutically in complex psychological trauma (CPT), particularly the field of gender-based violence (GBV) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA), from the clinicians' perspective. The focus was on the prospect of positive gains and growth for therapists. Twenty-one clinicians ( = 21; counselors/psychotherapists and psychologists) from National Health Service (NHS) specialist trauma services, a community mental health team, and specialist sexual assault counseling organization participated.

Understanding the patient experience of health care-associated infection: A qualitative systematic review.

Background: The global burden of health care-associated infection (HAI) is well recognized; what is less well known is the impact HAI has on patients. To develop acceptable, effective interventions, greater understanding of patients' experience of HAI is needed. This qualitative systematic review sought to explore adult patients' experiences of common HAIs.

Effectiveness of national and subnational infection prevention and control interventions in high-income and upper-middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Evidence-based guidance for national infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes is needed to support national and global capacity building to reduce health-care-associated infection and antimicrobial resistance. In this systematic review we investigate evidence on the effectiveness of IPC interventions implemented at national or subnational levels to inform the development of WHO guidelines on the core components of national IPC programmes. We searched CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and WHO IRIS databases for publications between Jan 1, 2000, and April 19, 2017.

Influences on independent nurse prescribers' antimicrobial prescribing behaviour: a systematic review.

Aims And Objectives: To present the findings of a systematic review which explored the influences on the antimicrobial prescribing behaviour of independent nurse prescribers.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent public health concern and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is linked to an increase in this resistance. With a growing number of nursing staff potentially prescribing.

A systematic review of the main mechanisms of heart failure disease management interventions.

Objective: To identify the main mechanisms of heart failure (HF) disease management programmes based in hospitals, homes or the community.

Methods: Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies using realist synthesis. The search strategy incorporated general and specific terms relevant to the research question: HF, self-care and programmes/interventions for HF patients.

Improving support for heart failure patients: a systematic review to understand patients' perspectives on self-care.

Aims: This systematic review aimed to generate patient-focussed recommendations to enhance support of heart failure self-care by examining patients' experiences, perspectives and self-care behaviours.

Background: Despite increased recognition of the importance of heart failure self-care, patients' knowledge and practices around this self-care and interventions to improve it are inconsistent. Consequently, current guidelines focus on what the domains of heart failure self-care are, more so than the ways to improve this care.

The importance of interactions between patients and healthcare professionals for heart failure self-care: A systematic review of qualitative research into patient perspectives.

Background: Effective heart failure (HF) self-care can improve clinical outcomes but is dependent on patients' undertaking a number of complex self-care behaviors. Research into the effectiveness of HF management programs demonstrates mixed results. There is a need to improve understanding of patient perspectives' of self-care need in order to enhance supportive interventions.

'Stepping in' or 'stepping back': how first year nursing students begin to learn about person-centred care.

Background: The concept of person-centred care has gained international recognition over the last decade and forms one of the key concepts of our Nursing Quality Improvement Curricular Framework.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate nursing students' learning about person-centred care during the first-year of their programme.

Methods: Qualitative thematic analysis of a section of placement learning documents from two consecutive cohorts of students from all fields of nursing (n=405), supplemented by three focus group discussions.

The Association Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Self-care in Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that heart failure (HF) patients who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may experience greater difficulty with self-care.

Objective: This article reports a systematic review that addressed the objective "What is the evidence for an association between MCI and self-care, measured in 1 or more of the self-care domains related to HF, in adults who have a diagnosis of chronic HF?"

Method: We adopted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for the review and synthesis of quantitative research studies that formally measured both cognitive function and self-care in HF patients and sought to describe the relationship between these factors.

Results: Ninety-one potentially relevant studies were located; 10 studies (2006-2014) were included.

Context matters in heart failure self-care: a qualitative systematic review.

Background: The aim of this work was to identify the main contextual factors and processes that influence patients' self-care of heart failure (HF).

Methods And Results: A systematic review was conducted with the use of qualitative meta-synthesis. Ten databases were searched up to March 19, 2012.

A systematic review of patient heart failure self-care strategies.

Background: Self-care is at the foundation for living with a chronic condition such as heart failure (HF). Patients with HF express difficulty with translating self-care knowledge into understanding "how" to engage in these activities and behaviors. Understanding the strategies that patients develop to engage in self-care will help healthcare providers (HCPs) improve support for unmet self-care needs of HF patients.

Determinants of effective heart failure self-care: a systematic review of patients' and caregivers' perceptions.

Context: Disease management interventions for heart failure (HF) are inconsistent and very seldom incorporate the views and needs of patients and their caregivers into intervention design.

Objective And Data: To improve intervention effectiveness and consistency, a systematic review identified 49 studies which examined the views and needs of patients with HF and their caregivers about the nature and determinants of effective HF self-care.

Results: The findings identify key drivers of effective self-care, such as the capacity of patients to successfully integrate self-care practices with their preferred normal daily life patterns and recognise and respond to HF symptoms in a timely manner.