Therapeutic Effects of Rebamipide Nanocrystals as Carbopol Gel Formulation Containing Gum Arabic in a Hamster Model of Oral Mucositis.

Severe oral mucositis is a major cause of a low quality of life in patients; however, the therapeutic effect of traditional treatments is insufficient. Therefore, we designed a carbopol gel based on rebamipide nanocrystals (REB NCs) and gum arabic (GA-REB@NP), and investigated its efficacy in accelerating wound healing in a hamster model of oral mucositis. REB NCs were prepared by bead milling, and GA- REB@NP were prepared by incorporating REB NCs into a carbopol gel.

Bidirectional signals generated by Siglec-7 and its crucial ligand tri-sialylated T to escape of cancer cells from immune surveillance.

Siglec-7, an inhibitory receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, recognizes sialic acid-containing glycans. However, the ligand glycan structures of Siglec-7 and its carrier proteins have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we identified four sialyltransferases that are used for the synthesis of ligand glycans of Siglec-7 and two ligand O-glycan-carrier proteins, PODXL and MUC13, using a colon cancer line.

Fine-mapping and molecular characterisation of primary sclerosing cholangitis genetic risk loci.

Genome-wide association studies of primary sclerosing cholangitis have identified 23 susceptibility loci. The majority of these loci reside in non-coding regions of the genome and are thought to exert their effect by perturbing the regulation of nearby genes. Here, we aim to identify these genes to improve the biological understanding of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and nominate potential drug targets.

The Ni isotopic composition of Ryugu reveals a common accretion region for carbonaceous chondrites.

The isotopic compositions of samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites are distinct from other carbonaceous chondrites, which has led to the suggestion that Ryugu/CI chondrites formed in a different region of the accretion disk, possibly around the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. We show that, like for Fe, Ryugu and CI chondrites also have indistinguishable Ni isotope anomalies, which differ from those of other carbonaceous chondrites. We propose that this unique Fe and Ni isotopic composition reflects different accretion efficiencies of small FeNi metal grains among the carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies.

Prognostic Impact of Malignant Wounds in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Malignant wounds are lesions caused by metastasis from distant primary cancers or by direct invasion of the cutaneous structures of a primary cancer, and are most common in patients with breast or head and neck cancers. Malignant wounds not only cause physical symptoms, but also affect survival. Recognizing prognosis in terminal-stage cancer patients is necessary for both patients and health care providers.

Porphyrin as Photosensitizers for Controlling Marine Biodegradation of Polymer Composites.

Biodegradable polymer-photosensitizer composites were developed, which is suppressed biodegradation due to bactericidal activity under light irradiation but proceeds under dark conditions. The composites exhibited antibacterial activity under light irradiation, which was attributed to the generation of singlet oxygen (O). Biodegradation was evaluated in seawater using the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) method.

High-Throughput Screening of Antiviral Compounds Using a Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus and Identification of a Possible Infection Inhibitor, Skimmianine.

We developed a novel hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-monitoring system using a luminescent, 11-amino acid reporter (HiBiT). We performed high-throughput antiviral screening using this system to identify anti-HBV compounds. After the infection of primary human hepatocytes with the recombinant virus HiBiT-HBV, which contains HiBiT at its preS1, 1262 compounds were tested in a first screening using extracellular HiBiT activity as an indicator of viral infection.

Nogo Receptor Antagonist LOTUS Promotes Neurite Outgrowth through Its Interaction with Teneurin-4.

Neurite outgrowth is a crucial process for organizing neuronal circuits in neuronal development and regeneration after injury. Regenerative failure in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is attributed to axonal growth inhibitors such as the Nogo protein that commonly binds to Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1). We previously reported that lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) functions as an endogenous antagonist for NgR1 in forming neuronal circuits in the developing brain and improving axonal regeneration in the adult injured CNS.

Myofascial pain syndrome in patients with cancer: a narrative review.

Purpose: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome. The purpose of this review is to describe the epidemiological and treatment evidence and to address the future research agenda in patients with cancer.

Methods: A narrative review of previous reports investigating the prevalence and treatment of MPS in the oncology field is presented.

Blockade of SIRPα-CD47 axis by anti-SIRPα antibody enhances anti-tumor activity of DXd antibody-drug conjugates.

Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is an immune inhibitory receptor on myeloid cells including macrophages and dendritic cells, which binds to CD47, a ubiquitous self-associated molecule. SIRPα-CD47 interaction is exploited by cancer cells to suppress anti-tumor activity of myeloid cells, therefore emerging as a novel immune checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy. In blood cancer, several SIRPα-CD47 blockers have shown encouraging monotherapy activity.

Long-term outcomes of PDT for centrally-located early lung cancers with tumor diameters > 2.0 cm.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the treatment of centrally-located early lung cancers (CLELCs) and is recommended for tumors ≤ 1.0 cm in diameter. We previously reported that PDT using talaporfin sodium, second-generation photosensitizer, for tumors > 1.

Phosphate recovery from aqueous phase using novel zirconium-based adsorbent.

This study aims to document the phosphate ion (PO) adsorption capacity of a novel zirconium-based adsorbent. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbent are investigated using an array of methods and metrics such as electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, specific surface area, pore volume, pH point of zero charge (pH), and surface hydroxyl groups. The batch method is used to elucidate PO adsorption capacity.

Design of an Oral Tablet Containing Furosemide Nanoparticles with Elevated Bioavailability.

The solubility and permeability of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class IV drugs, such as furosemide (FUR), are low. Thus, the oral bioavailability of these drugs needs to be augmented. Here, we aimed to design orally disintegrating tablets containing FUR nanoparticles to improve bioavailability after oral administration.

Effect of a plant protein-rich diet on postprandial phosphate metabolism in healthy adult men: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: This study examined the effects of animal protein- and plant protein-rich diets on postprandial phosphorus metabolism in healthy male subjects.

Methods: The study was conducted by randomised parallel-group comparison of healthy men aged 21-24 years. In Study 1, participants were divided into two groups and consumed either a 70% animal protein diet (AD, n = 6) or a 70% plant protein diet (PD, n = 6).

In Situ Helium Isotope Microimaging of Meteorites.

Isotope imaging is commonly used to investigate the localization of trace elements and their isotopes. In situ noble gas analysis of meteorites revealed the distribution of primordial noble gases that were trapped in the building blocks of asteroids and planets during the early stage of the solar system evolution. Solar wind noble gases are among the primordial gases present in meteorites and were trapped through exposure to solar wind.

Effect of Concomitant Drugs on Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Hydrate in Artificial Intestinal Juice.

To explore drug interactions involving sodium zirconium cyclosilicate hydrate (SZC) and concomitant drugs like calcium antagonists (amlodipine and nifedipine) and β-blockers (carvedilol and bisoprolol), we investigate how these concomitant drugs influenced the administration of SZC in an artificial intestinal juice. Initially, we assessed the potassium ion adsorption capacity, ranking it as follows: calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS, 54.9 mg/g) < sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS, 62.

Comparative Analysis of Site-Specific N-glycosylation of LAMP1 from Breast Cancer Tissues.

Glycosylation changes in cancer proteins have been associated with malignant transformation. However, techniques for analyzing site-specific glycosylation changes in target proteins obtained from clinical tissue samples are insufficient. To overcome these problems, we developed a targeted N-glycoproteomic approach consisting of immunoprecipitation, glycopeptide enrichment, LC/MS/MS and structural assignment using commercially available analytical software followed by manual confirmation.

Identification of Azalamellarin N as a Pyroptosis Inhibitor.

Pyroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that promotes inflammation; it attracts much attention because its dysregulation leads to various inflammatory diseases. To help explore the precise mechanisms by which pyroptosis is regulated, in this study, we searched for chemical compounds that inhibit pyroptosis. From our original compound library, we identified azalamellarin N (AZL-N), a hexacyclic pyrrole alkaloid, as an inhibitor of pyroptosis induced by R837 (also called imiquimod), which is an agonist of the intracellular multiprotein complex nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.

Analysis of Cation Composition in Dolomites on the Intact Particles Sampled from Asteroid Ryugu.

Characterization of the elemental distribution of samples with rough surfaces has been strongly desired for the analysis of various natural and artificial materials. Particularly for pristine and rare analytes with micrometer sizes embedded on specimen surfaces, non-invasive and matrix effect-free analysis is required without surface polishing treatment. To satisfy these requirements, we proposed a new method employing the sequential combination of two imaging modalities, i.

Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogel Formulations Incorporating Troxipide Nanoparticles on Oral Mucositis in Hamsters.

Purpose: Medical therapies, such as the use of anti-inflammatory agents, are commonly used for the treatment of oral mucositis (OM). However, these treatments have limited efficacy in treating severe cases of OM. In this study, we aimed to develop a carbopol gel incorporating troxipide (TRO) nanoparticles and methylcellulose (TRO-NP gel) and demonstrate its efficacy in accelerating wound healing in a hamster model of OM (OM model) induced by acetic acid injection.

Prime-boost-type PspA3 + 2 mucosal vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques from intratracheal challenge with pneumococci.

Background: Although vaccination is recommended for protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, the frequency of pneumococcal pneumonia is still high worldwide. In fact, no vaccines are effective for all pneumococcal serotypes. Fusion pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been shown to induce a broad range of cross-reactivity with clinical isolates and afford cross-protection against pneumococcal challenge in mice.