Salon nail care with superficial self-disclosure vitalizes psychological state.

Physical attractiveness has long been established as a desirable trait in society. Physically attractive individuals are considered more competent, successful, and sociable. Numerous studies have examined the influence of makeup on physical attractiveness and its subjective psychological effects.

Intraoperative Blood Loss at Different Surgical-Procedure Stages during Posterior Spinal Fusion for Idiopathic Scoliosis.

: Several predictive factors have been reportedly associated with intraoperative total blood loss (TBL) during posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for idiopathic scoliosis (IS). To reduce TBL, preoperative factors and interoperative factors are considered important. However, there are few reports that have evaluated bleeding patterns according to surgical stages.

What Promotes the Happiness of Vacationers? A Focus on Vacation Experiences for Japanese People During Winter Vacation.

Several studies on tourism have examined the effects of vacation and travel on individuals' wellbeing. However, relatively little is known about the underlying psychological factors and mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a winter vacation on individuals' wellbeing.

Origin of M2 Mϕ and its macrophage polarization by TGF-β in a mice intervertebral injury model.

Introduction: Studies have identified the presence of M1 and M2 macrophages (Mϕ) in injured intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, the origin and polarization-regulatory factor of M2 Mϕ are not fully understood. TGF-β is a regulatory factor for M2 polarization in several tissues.

A High Body Mass Index and the Vacuum Phenomenon Upregulate Pain-Related Molecules in Human Degenerated Intervertebral Discs.

Animal studies suggest that pain-related-molecule upregulation in degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) potentially leads to low back pain (LBP). We hypothesized that IVD mechanical stress and axial loading contribute to discogenic LBP's pathomechanism. This study aimed to elucidate the relationships among the clinical findings, radiographical findings, and pain-related-molecule expression in human degenerated IVDs.

Decreased muscle mass and strength affected spinal sagittal malalignment.

Purpose: Correction surgeries for spinal malalignment showed good clinical outcomes; however, there were concerns including increased invasiveness, complications, and impact on medico-economics. Ideally, an early intervention is needed. To better understand the patho-mechanism and natural course of spinal alignment, the effect of factors such as muscle mass and strength on spinal sagittal imbalance were determined in a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Factors associated with pain-related disorders and gait disturbance scores from the Japanese orthopedic association back pain evaluation questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index in patients with osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: In the current study, multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in patients with osteoporosis. Aging, high bone turnover, obesity, low trunk muscle mass, spinal global sagittal malalignment, and a high number of previous vertebral fractures were potential independent risk factors of pain-related disorders, gait disturbance, or ADL deficit due to LBP.

Purpose: Patients with osteoporosis often experience low back pain (LBP) even in the absence of acute fractures.

Reduced TGF- Expression and CD206-Positive Resident Macrophages in the Intervertebral Discs of Aged Mice.

Age is a key factor in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration; however, the changes that occur in IVDs with age are not fully understood. Tissue-resident macrophages are critical for tissue homeostasis and are regulated by transforming growth factor- (TGF-) . We examined changes in the proportion of resident macrophages in young versus aged mice and the role of TGF- in regulating resident macrophages in IVDs.

TGF-β regulates nerve growth factor expression in a mouse intervertebral disc injury model.

Background: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain (LBP). Following disc injury, nerve growth factor (NGF) concentrations rise in IVDs, and anti-NGF therapy has been shown to attenuate LBP in humans. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in degenerative IVDs and in in vitro studies suggest that these factors promote NGF production.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Spinal Sagittal Malalignment in Patients with Osteoporosis.

Spinal sagittal malalignment due to vertebral fractures (VFs) induces low back pain (LBP) in patients with osteoporosis. This study aimed to elucidate spinal sagittal malalignment prevalence based on VF number and patient characteristics in individuals with osteoporosis and spinal sagittal malalignment. Spinal sagittal alignment, and VF number were measured in 259 patients with osteoporosis.

Incidence of Unintentional Intraoperative Hypothermia in Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery and Associated Preoperative Risk Factors.

Introduction: Intraoperative hypothermia is associated with perioperative complications such as blood loss and wound infection. Thus, perioperative heat retention methods to prevent perioperative hypothermia such as providing a warmed blanket and active patients' warming are important. Although major surgery and pediatric patient age are noted as risk factors, only a few studies focus on hypothermia as an intraoperative complication in pediatric scoliosis surgery.

Relationships Between Spinal Alignment and Muscle Mass in Osteoporosis Patients Over 75 Years of Age Who Were Independent and Maintained Their Activities of Daily Living.

Introduction Elderly patients with osteoporosis often complain of back pain associated with pathological vertebral fractures caused by abnormal spinal alignment. Few reports evaluate the relationships among muscle mass, bone mineral density (BMD), sagittal spinal alignment, and low back pain. We hypothesized that decreasing muscle mass in elderly patients with osteoporosis could cause spinal alignment abnormalities.

Posterior Spinal Correction and Fusion Surgery in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy-Associated Scoliosis for Whom Treatment with Nusinersen Was Planned.

Introduction: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is defined as a neuromuscular disorder induced by progressive weakness of the skeletal muscle and is usually accompanied by progressive spinal deformity including scoliosis. The newly developed Nusinersen, which is the first approved drug worldwide for SMA, requires accurate intrathecal injection, which is sometimes difficult in patients with severe spinal deformity.

Technical Note: For an accurate intrathecal approach in patients who have spinal fusion surgery to treat neuromuscular scoliosis, we have combined an L3 laminectomy with spinal correction and fusion surgery.

Gender-specific analysis for the association between trunk muscle mass and spinal pathologies.

We investigated the relationship between trunk muscle mass and spinal pathologies by gender. This multicenter cross-sectional study included patients aged ≥ 30 years who visited a spinal outpatient clinic. Trunk and appendicular muscle mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Chylous retroperitoneum following 720 degree anteroposterior-combined corrective surgery for adult spinal deformity with split vertebral fracture subluxation: a case report.

Study Design: Clinical case report.

Purpose: To report the rare case with post-operative chylous retroperitoneum after corrective surgery for adult spinal deformity.

Methods: We present a case of a 73-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease.

Palladium-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of 1,3-Diene with Amine and Disilane under a Mild Re-oxidation System.

A highly regioselective and stereoselective difunctionalization reaction of 1,3-diene with amine and disilane to form C-N and C-Si bonds via a one-step Pd/Cu/O system is disclosed. The difunctionalization reaction affords allylic silanes, including the allylic amine moiety, in up to 92 % yield in the absence of any acid, base, or external ligand. The developed synthetic methodology can be scaled to 100 g in high yield with high Z-selectivity, which demonstrates the feasibility of the reaction for industrial applications.

Assessment of the duration and effectiveness of intra-articular lidocaine injections for groin pain in patients with labral tears involving early osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Intra-articular lidocaine injections have been used to confirm the hip pathology and may predict the efficacy of arthroscopic surgery. We have routinely performed the injections as a surgical indicator. The aim of this study was to assess the duration and effectiveness of these diagnostic intra-articular lidocaine injections on groin pain in patients with labral tears involving early osteoarthritis.

Limitations of posterior spinal fusion to L5 for flaccid neuromuscular scoliosis focusing on pelvic obliquity.

Study Design: Retrospective comparison based on the degree of pelvic obliquity (PO).

Purpose: To assess the controversial indications for and limitations of ending the instrumentation for posterior spinal fusion (PSF) at L5 in patients with flaccid neuromuscular scoliosis (fNMS).

Methods: We reviewed the cases of 45 patients with progressive spinal deformity as a result of fNMS treated by PSF to L5 and followed for an average of 4 years postoperatively with adequate clinical and radiological data.

Short-Term Impact of Staying Home on Bone Health in Patients With Osteoporosis During a State of Emergency Declaration Due to COVID-19 in Kanagawa, Japan.

Background On April 16, 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency due to the spread of COVID-19 infection, leading prefectural governors to announce a stay-at-home order for 39 days until May 25, 2020. As physical inactivity is a risk factor for osteoporosis, we investigated the short-term impact of the stay-at-home order on bone health among patients with osteoporosis in our hospital in Kanagawa prefecture. Methods Thirty patients with osteoporosis with no delays in their regular medication who received care at our hospital's osteoporosis outpatient clinic within one month after the end of the state of emergency were included.

Role of CD14-positive cells in inflammatory cytokine and pain-related molecule expression in human degenerated intervertebral discs.

Multiple human and animal studies suggest that the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and other pain-related molecules in degenerated or injured intervertebral discs (IVDs) may cause discogenic low back pain (LBP). We previously reported that macrophages in injured IVD in mice produced inflammatory cytokines, but not other pain-related molecules. CD14 is a monocyte marker expressed mainly by macrophages.

Apple Russet Ring and Apple Green Crinkle Diseases: Fulfillment of Koch's Postulates by Virome Analysis, Amplification of Full-Length cDNA of Viral Genomes, Transcription of Infectious Viral RNAs, and Reproduction of Symptoms on Fruits of Apple Trees Inoculated With Viral RNAs.

Apple russet ring and apple green crinkle are graft-transmitted diseases first reported more than 60 years ago, but at present, no association between a specific virus (variant) and the disease has been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we conducted the following series of experiments to identify the causal viruses (variants) of these apple diseases; (1) comprehensive analysis by next-generation sequencing of all viruses in each apple tree affected with russet ring or green crinkle disease, (2) amplification of full-length genomic cDNA of viruses using primers containing the T3 promoter and the transcription of infectious viral RNAs, (3) inoculation of viral RNA transcripts to both herbaceous and apple plants, (4) analysis of sequence variants of viruses present in infected plants, (5) back-inoculation of sequence variants of candidate viruses to apple seedlings combined with the virus-induced flowering technology using the apple latent spherical virus vector to reproduce the symptom on the fruit as soon as possible, and (6) reproduction of symptoms on the fruits of apple trees inoculated with sequence variants and the re-isolation of each virus variant from apples showing fruit symptoms. The results showed that one of the sequence variants of the apple chlorotic leaf spot virus causes a characteristic ring-shaped rust on the fruits of infected apple trees and that a sequence variant of the apple stem pitting virus probably causes green crinkle symptoms on an infected apple fruit.