The long-term impact of single intraoperative instillation of pirarubicin after radical nephroureterectomy on local and systemic cancer control: a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial.

Purpose: Although the preventive effect against intravesical recurrence (IVR) has been established for single instillation of chemotherapy during or after radical surgery of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), there has been no research on the long-term outcome. This study aims to investigate the IVR and long-term survival outcome of a single intraoperative instillation of pirarubicin during radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, randomized trial, 97 patients undergoing RNU between August 2012 and January 2019 were randomly assigned either to receive a single intraoperative pirarubicin instillation or to serve as the controls.

Efficacy and safety of dose-dense gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma (cT2-3N0M0).

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma has shown favorable results. However, few studies have been conducted on dose-dense regimens that have demonstrated superior efficacy in bladder cancer. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of dose-dense gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemohormonal Therapy With GnRH Antagonist and Low-Dose Estramustine in Very High-Risk Prostate Cancer Undergoing Robotic Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: High-risk patients with prostate cancer (PC) frequently experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) after surgery. Thus numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapies for high-risk PC patients; however, no protocol has been established. This study aimed to assess the effect of androgen deprivation therapy combined with low-dose estramustine phosphate (EMP) on BCR compared with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone in high- and very high-risk patients with PC.

Aromatic residues in N-terminal domain of archaeal trehalase affect the folding and activity of catalytic domain.

Considering the structure of the bacterial GH15 family glucoamylase (GA), Thermoplasma trehalase Tvn1315 may be composed of a β-sandwich domain (BD) and a catalytic domain (CD). Tvn1315 BD weakly binds to insoluble β-glucans, such as cellulose, and helps fold CD. To determine how aromatic residues contribute to proper folding and enzyme activity, we performed alanine scanning for 32 aromatic residues in the BD.

Efficacy of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy compared to conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for completely endophytic renal tumor: a multicenter, prospective study.

Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for completely endophytic renal tumors with the reported outcomes of conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and investigate the transition of renal function after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, open-label trial across 17 academic centers in Japan. Patients with endophytic renal tumors classified as cT1, cN0, cM0 were included and underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer improves intravesical recurrence-free survival (BRIGHT study).

Objectives: In a primary analysis of data from the BRIGHT study (UMIN000035712), photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (PDD-TURBT) using oral 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride reduced residual tumors in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDD-TURBT for intravesical recurrence after a second transurethral resection for high-risk NMIBC.

Methods: High-risk NMIBC patients initially treated with PDD-TURBT (PDD group) were prospectively registered between 2018 and 2020.

Totally retroperitoneal approach for robot-assisted nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff without repositioning.

Introduction: Robot-assisted nephroureterectomy (RANU) for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is typically performed via the transperitoneal approach because of limited surgical space. However, a retroperitoneal approach may be preferable in patients with a history of abdominal surgery or in those in whom pelvic lymph node dissection is unnecessary.

Materials And Surgical Techniques: RANU via the retroperitoneal approach was selected for two patients diagnosed with high-grade upper urothelial carcinoma with a history of abdominal surgery.

Effects of thienopyridine class antiplatelets on bleeding outcomes following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

This study aimed to assess the effects of thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agents (including ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel) on bleeding complications in patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. This cohort study used a database for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at 23 tertiary centers nationwide between 2011 and 2022. Patients who received thienopyridines (thienopyridine group) were compared with those who received aspirin monotherapy (aspirin group).

Arterial aneurysmal sac-ureteral fistula after aortic and common iliac aneurysmal repair: A case report.

An arterioureteral fistula is the communication between the ureter and a major artery, such as the common iliac artery or aorta. Here, we report a case of a fistula between the ureter and the common iliac arterial aneurysmal sac following abdominal aortic aneurysmal repair in a 72-year-old man. He reported acute-onset abdominal pain on postoperative day 8, and computed tomography revealed a fistula.

Pharmacist-Urologist Collaborative Management for Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Pazopanib Monotherapy.

Pazopanib is one of recommended treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite its effectiveness, patients often difficult to continue pazopanib treatment due to adverse events (AEs). We established an ambulatory care pharmacy practice that enables pharmacist-urologist collaboration to manage patients with RCC.

Otological Features of Patients with Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Caused by Pathogenic Variants in (mcEDS-).

Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) caused by pathogenic variants in (mcEDS-) is a subtype of EDS characterized by multisystem malformations and progressive fragility-related manifestations. A recent international collaborative study showed that 55% of mcEDS- patients had hearing loss (HL), more commonly of the high-frequency type. Here, we report the first systemic investigation of the otological features of patients with this disorder based on the world's largest cohort at Shinshu University Hospital.

High-resolution 3D display using time-division light ray quadruplexing technology.

We propose a flicker-reduced time-division light ray quadruplexing technology to improve both the spatial and angular resolutions of three-dimensional (3D) images. The proposed method uses an image-shift optical device with polarization gratings. By optimizing the design of the image-shift optical device and incorporating it into the display system, we confirmed that the resolution characteristics of 3D images displayed at a depth of 30 mm or more can be improved by up to 1.

Treatment strategies and outcomes in a long-term registry study of patients with high-risk metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer in Japan: An interim analysis of the J-ROCK study.

Objective: The prognosis of high-risk metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer is poor, and real-world evidence of therapeutic options and sequences is lacking. The J-ROCK study aimed to evaluate the outcomes in a real-world setting in Japan.

Methods: Patients with high-risk metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer diagnosed after May 2019 were eligible.

Effects of NP-1815-PX, a P2X4 Receptor Antagonist, on Contractions in Guinea Pig Tracheal and Bronchial Smooth Muscles.

Administration of a P2X4 receptor antagonist to asthma model mice improved asthma symptoms, suggesting that P2X4 receptor antagonists may be new therapeutics for asthma. However, the effects of these antagonists on tracheal/bronchial smooth muscle (TSM and BSM) have not been investigated. This study examined the effects of NP-1815-PX, a selective P2X4 receptor antagonist, on guinea pig TSM and BSM contractions.