Clinical impact of cancer cachexia on the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion scores of ≥50% receiving pembrolizumab monotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy.

This retrospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to determine whether cancer cachexia serves as a biomarker for determining the most effective treatment for patients having non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or combined with chemotherapy (ICI/chemotherapy). We included 411 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of ≥50%. The patients were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy or ICI/chemotherapy.

Prognostic Significance of Desmoplastic Reaction After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Background: Desmoplastic reaction is recognized as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. However, its significance in locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy remains underexplored.

Objective: To assess the prognostic value of desmoplastic reaction in specimens from patients with advanced rectal cancer after chemoradiotherapy.

Comprehensive pathological evaluation of risk factors for metastasis after endoscopic resection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Endoscopic resection (ER) is a curative treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Predicting risk of metastasis is crucial for post-ER management.

Characteristics of multiple esophageal squamous cell carcinomas detected in the surveillance after endoscopic resection.

Background And Study Aim: Endoscopic resection (ER) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an organ-preserving treatment; however, heterochronic carcinomas are often encountered. Most patients are treated using ER; however, for some, this is inadequate and requires additional treatment. We sought to identify the characteristics and frequency of lesions at high risk of metastasis during surveillance based on Lugol-voiding lesion (LVL) grading and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) intervals.

YAP regulates HER3 signaling-driven adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors in RET-aberrant cancer.

Purpose: Rearranged during transfection (RET) aberrations represent a targetable oncogene in several tumor types, with RET inhibitors displaying marked efficacy. However, some patients with RET-aberrant cancer are insensitive to RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, drug-tolerant mechanisms have attracted attention as targets for initial therapies to overcome drug resistance.

Renin-angiotensin blockade ameliorates the progression of glomerular injury in podocyte-specific Ctcf knockout mice.

Aim: Several studies have shown that the progression of proteinuria and renal tissue injury is associated with activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS). CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a DNA-binding factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the phenotypic effects of CTCF deficiency in podocytes.

The association between antenatal coffee consumption and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A growing body of evidence has documented unfavorable maternal outcomes attributed to excessive antenatal coffee consumption. Preeclampsia is one of the most common hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with several adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, the association between antenatal coffee consumption and preeclampsia remains debatable.

The association between serum cholesterol levels and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment in the Suita Study and evidence from other epidemiological studies.

Background: Serum cholesterols are well-documented markers of cardiovascular diseases; however, their association with cognitive well-being is uncertain. This study investigated the association between serum cholesterol levels and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment.

Methods: Epidemiological evidence on the role of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), non-HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in cognitive impairment was highlighted.

Risk factors for and prognostic impact of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumors: a single-center retrospective analysis of 214 cases with radical resection.

Purpose: Lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is rare, with unknown oncological features. We investigated the oncological impact of LPLN metastasis in patients with rectal NETs.

Methods: This study included 214 patients with rectal NETs who underwent curative surgery.

Depth of response and treatment outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and high PD-L1 expression: An exploratory analysis of retrospective multicenter cohort.

The association between depth of response (DpR) and treatment outcomes has been documented across various types of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatment is globally used as first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥ 50%. However, in this population, the significance of DpR is not elucidated.

Real-World Outcomes of Subsequent Chemotherapy after Progression Following Chemoradiation and Consolidative Durvalumab Therapy in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: An Exploratory Analysis from the CRIMSON Study (HOPE-005).

Background: The optimal subsequent treatment strategy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and consolidative durvalumab therapy remains unknown. We aimed to determine the optimal subsequent treatment strategy for this clinical population.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 523 consecutive patients with LA-NSCLC treated with CRT and analyzed the treatment outcomes of subsequent therapy after progression following CRT and consolidative durvalumab therapy.

Health Statuses of People in Poverty Receiving Public Assistance in Japan: A Scoping Review.

Background: Promoting health and well-being is essential to ensure dignified lives of the entire population, including those living in poverty. Guaranteeing the human right to health is a critical responsibility of social security policies. To address emerging issues associated with poverty, the Japanese government has implemented a welfare program known as public assistance-.

Unraveling the influence of TTF-1 expression on immunotherapy outcomes in PD-L1-high non-squamous NSCLC: a retrospective multicenter study.

Introduction: Several studies explored the association between thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the effect of TTF-1 on the therapeutic efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor/chemoimmunotherapy in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (non-Sq NSCLC) with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score of 50% or more who are highly susceptible to immunotherapy remains unresolved. Therefore, we evaluated whether TTF-1 has a clinical impact on this population.

Triple combination therapy comprising osimertinib, an AXL inhibitor, and an FGFR inhibitor improves the efficacy of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

We previously reported that combined therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) osimertinib and AXL inhibitor ONO-7475 is effective in preventing the survival of drug-tolerant cells in high-AXL-expressing EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Nevertheless, certain residual cells are anticipated to eventually develop acquired resistance to this combination therapy. In this study, we attempted to establish a multidrug combination therapy from the first-line setting to overcome resistance to this combination therapy in high-AXL-expressing EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Early gastric cancer with RhoGAP fusion is linked to frequent nodal metastasis and a part of microtubular-mucocellular histology.

Introduction: Gastric cancer with fusion genes involving the Rho GTPase-activating protein domain (RhoGAP-GC) is mainly included in the genomically stable type of The Cancer Genome Atlas classification. Clinical implications and histological characteristics of RhoGAP-GC in the early phase remain unclear.

Methods: We analyzed 878 consecutive pT1b GCs for RhoGAP and its partner genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization assay.

Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, 12th Edition: Part I.

This is the first half of English edition of Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, 12th Edition that was published by the Japan Esophageal Society in 2022.

Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, 12th Edition: Part II.

This is the second half of English edition of Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, 12th Edition that was published by the Japan Esophageal Society in 2022.