[A case of a 91-year-old woman with maxillary sinus carcinoma who achieved a complete response to chemoradiotherapy with intra-arterial administration of docetaxel].

We treated a 91-year-old woman with advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma who achieved a complete response to chemoradiotherapy with intra-arterial administration of docetaxel. She received local irradiation with a total dose of 50 grays along with concomitant intramaxillary arterial infusion of docetaxel with a total dose of 80 mg. After treatment, pathological examination of a biopsy specimen from the maxillary sinus revealed no residual tumor, and a posttreatment CT scan showed no tumor.

Head and neck cancer arising after endoscopic mucosal resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Background And Study Aims: It is well known that patients with head and neck cancer often have synchronous or metachronous squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. However, the prevalence of subsequent head and neck cancer in patients with early-stage esophageal cancer is still unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of metachronous head and neck cancer after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for esophageal cancer and to investigate whether minute iodine-unstained areas, often associated with squamous cell carcinomas, would be an index for metachronous head and neck cancer.

[Study of allergic fungal sinusitis in 40 surgical cases of chronic paranasal sinusitis].

Allergic fungal sinusitis is chronic and paranasal, related to fungal allergy. Many papers on allergic fungal sinusitis have been reported in the United State, and the incidence is 5% to 10% among patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis. Although cases of allergic fungal sinusitis have been reported in Japan, the incidence is unclear.

[A case of hypopharyngeal carcinoma in which a complete response to chemotherapy was achieved with docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU and levofolinate].

We treated a patient with hypopharyngeal carcinoma who achieved a complete response following three cycles of chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-FU and levofolinate. A 77-year-old Japanese male with hypopharyngeal carcinoma had undergone a radical esophageal operation and subsequent radiation therapy in the lower neck and upper mediastinum in 1991 because of esophageal carcinoma. He refused radical total laryngopharyngotomy, and agreed to chemotherapy.

Preoperative computed tomography diagnosis of non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve.

Objective: The non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) is a nerve anomaly that is associated with the developmentally aberrant subclavian artery. Thus, it is possible to predict NRILN by preoperative diagnosis of an aberrant subclavian artery. Preoperative recognition of the NRILN should be advantageous in the prevention of intraoperative nerve damage.

Existence of c-kit receptor-positive, tryptase-negative, IgE-negative cells in human allergic nasal mucosa: a candidate for mast cell progenitor.

The accumulation of mast cells in the allergic nasal epithelium is well known, yet the mechanism remains unclear. We studied whether there is a candidate for mast cell progenitors in the allergic nasal mucosa tissue removed at the time of surgery. We first confirmed that most mast cells in nasal mucosae of 10 nasal allergic patients had c-kit receptor by immunohistochemistry using the mirror sectioning technique.

Proliferative activity of mast cells in allergic nasal mucosa.

The proliferative activity of mast cells in the nasal mucosae of allergic (n = 14) and non-allergic (n = 18) rhinopathic patients was studied by a sequential double immunohistochemistry using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and anti-tryptase antibodies. Two hundred to 300 tryptase-positive cells (mast cells) were studied in each allergic nasal epithelium. In case of non-allergic nasal mucosa, only a few mast cells existed in the epithelial layer.

Morphological and functional characteristics of peritoneal mast cells from young rats.

To study why neonatal and young rats are resistant to the effects of some secretagogues, such as compound 48/80 and 2.5-S nerve growth factor, we examined peritoneal mast cells from 14-15-day-old rats (young rats) and compared them to peritoneal mast cells from adults. Peritoneal mast cells from young rats contain approximately one-tenth of the amount of histamine observed in adult peritoneal mast cells.

Tissue density and state of activation of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of allergic and nonallergic rhinopathic patients.

The tissue density of eosinophils and the degree of activation of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of allergic and nonallergic rhinopathic patients were studied by a combination of the immunogold method, which uses EG2 antibody which binds to the secreted form of eosinophils, and the Luna method. The tissue density of eosinophils and the degree of EG2-positivity were higher in the allergic nasal mucosa than in the nonallergic nasal mucosa. The eosinophils in the tissue were mainly EG2-positive in contrast with those in the vessels.

[Distribution of MCT and MCTC in nasal mucosae--relationship with formalin-sensitive mast cells and formalin-resistant mast cells].

The distributions of tryptase-positive, chymase-negative mast cells (MCT) and tryptase-positive, chymase-positive mast cells (MCTC) were examined in allergic and non-allergic nasal mucosae. Sequential double immunohistochemical staining with anti-chymase and anti-tryptase antibodies was carried out. Additionally, metachromatic cells were examined in formalin or Carnoy-fixed tissues.

Spindle cell lipoma within the larynx: a case report with correlated light and electron microscopy.

A spindle cell lipoma was removed surgically from the right intralaryngeal lesion of a 68-year-old man. Laryngoscopy demonstrated a spherical protrusion with intact mucosa near the vestibular fold. CT scan examination showed a low-density mass just medial to the thyroid cartilage.

Steroid-induced depletion of mucosal mast cells and eosinophils in intestine of athymic nude rats.

In conventional rats, we have previously demonstrated that corticosteroid treatment caused macrophage engulfment and destruction of intestinal mucosal mast cells and eosinophils by 24 h without evidence of local tissue destruction, inflammation or secretion of rat mast cell protease II. As the growth and survival of these cells appear to be dependent on factors derived from T lymphocytes, we examined the response in congenitally athymic rnu/rnu rats and euthymic rnu/+ rats 35 days after parasitic infection. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg dexamethasone and sections of jejunum were examined at 0, 7, 13 and 24 h.

Histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of mast cells in nasal polyps.

In surgically excised nasal polyps, most epithelial mast cells were formalin sensitive, chloroacetate esterase (CAE) negative, and chymase negative. Thus, this represents a population of mast cells not identified by staining for CAE. On the other hand, most stromal mast cells were formalin resistant and CAE positive, and although there was some polyp-to-polyp variability in their content of neutral protease, most of these cells were positive for both tryptase and chymase.

Macrophage engulfment of mucosal mast cells in rats treated with dexamethasone.

The effects of corticosteroid treatment on mucosal mast cells in rat jejunal mucosa were examined. Rats previously infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis received a single IP injection of 1 mg dexamethasone. Three hours later, one third of mucosal mast cells demonstrated minor granular changes (fusion or peripheral clear zones) by electron microscopy.

The dynamics of intestinal eosinophil depletion in rats treated with dexamethasone.

We examined the effects of corticosteroid treatment on eosinophils in the jejunal mucosa of rats previously infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg of dexamethasone. At a light microscopic level, the number of eosinophils with typical nuclei and granules was significantly decreased as early as 3 hours after injection, and had diminished to 17% of starting values at 24 hours.

Study on staining methods for mast cells in the nasal mucosa.

Mast cells are widely distributed in various organs. Two classes of mast cells, the mucosal mast cell (MMC) and the connective tissue mast cell (CTMC), have been shown to exist in the intestine of experimental animals. In the present study, we investigated the method of staining suitable for observing the mast cells distributing in the nasal mucosa, and also examined by the use of two fixatives whether the mast cells have properties of MMC or those of CTMC.

[Evaluation of the efficacy of ceftriaxone in acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. A comparative study with cefotiam as the control].

In order to objectively evaluate the efficacy and the safety of ceftriaxone (CTRX) using once daily administration of 1 g to cases of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, a group comparison study by the envelope method was conducted using cefotiam (CTM) as the control drug (2 g twice daily). The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1.

The reactivity of mast cells in nasal mucosa--comparison between allergic and nonallergic disease.

The difference in the non-specific reactivity of lamina propria mast cells in the nasal mucosa of nasal allergy and nonallergic disease was studied. When the nasal mucosa was incubated in three kinds of histamine releasers, the rate of histamine release and that of mast cell degranulation were not statistically different between nasal allergy and nonallergic disease. In the presence of buffer alone, the rate of histamine release did not show the statistical difference between two diseases.

Dynamics of mast cell degranulation in human allergic nasal epithelium after provocation with allergen.

The histamine content in the nasal epithelial layer of twenty-five patients with nasal allergy was measured before, 10 min after and 1 hr after nasal provocation with allergen. A decrease in histamine content was observed 10 min after provocation compared to the values obtained before provocation (P less than 0.05).

Ultrastructural heterogeneity of the basophilic cells in the allergic nasal mucosa.

Basophilic cells in scrapings and pieces of nasal mucosa removed from the inferior turbinates of adult patients with house dust nasal allergy plus pieces of the oral mucosa from normal persons were examined electron microscopically. Three distinct types of basophilic cells, ie, blood basophil leukocytes (predominantly in the subepithelium), mucosal mast cells (predominantly in the epithelium), and connective tissue mast cells (predominantly in the deeper lamina propria) were identified in the nose.

Studies of nasal surface basophilic cells.

Nasal surface basophilic cells (NSBC), located in both the mucosal and epithelial layer of the human nasal mucous membrane, were studied to elucidate whether or not they are one kind of mucosal mast cells (MMC). Nasal scrapings were collected and used as specimen of NSBC. The results demonstrate that NSBC had functional properties common to MMC in their response to antigen, formalin and compound 48/80.

Degranulation of nasal epithelial mast cells after challenge of allergen. An electron microscopic study with serial sections.

Degranulation of mast cells in the nasal epithelial space was investigated by observation of the morphological changes in serial ultrathin sections. Materials were scraped from the inferior turbinate in six patients with perennial nasal allergy immediately after the first sneezing attack during nasal challenge by allergen discs. Labyrinthic cavities occurred in one part of the cytoplasm, and contained amorphous or fibrillar remnants of granule matrices in more than half of the mast cells.

Mast cells in allergic nasal epithelium and lamina propria before and after provocation. An electron microscopic study.

A study of mast cells in subjects with nasal allergy was made by electron microscopy before and after provocation in three areas; the nasal epithelium, the subepithelial layer and the deep layer of the nasal lamina propria. The ration of degranulation of the mast cells in the nasal epithelium and subepithelial layer increased after provocation. The main features of exchanged granules of the mast cells in these areas were (1) swelling of lower electron density of the area enclosed by perigranular membrane, (2) lower electron density of the total area of granular substance with fibrillar and reticular changes, and (3) the disappearance of granular substance.

Basophil leukocytes and mast cells in the nose.

The aim of the present study has been to examine the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, and the number, distribution and antigen-reactivity of basophilic cells. Blown nasal secretions, nasal washings, scrapings and excised specimens of nasal mucosa were collected and examined cytologically and histologically in both light and electron microscopes. Antigen-induced histamine release was also studied in these specimens.