Should Ocular Hemorrhage Screening Be Conducted in Newborns with Acidosis?

Objective:  Ocular hemorrhages (OHs) may cause visual disturbances and incidence vary from 18 to 39% in newborns. Precipitated/instrumental delivery and perinatal asphyxia were predefined risk factors. Acidosis can interfere with coagulation and disrupt the pressure of ocular capillaries and put infants with moderate acidosis with or without hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at risk for OH.

The effect of oscillometric blood pressure measurement on pain response in preterm infants.

Aim: Preterm neonates are exposed to many painful procedures in neonatal intensive care units. This study aims to evaluate the effect of oscillometric blood pressure (BP) measurement on pain response in preterm infants.

Methods: This prospective study was performed over 4 months in a level III neonatal intensive care unit.

Short-term outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Türkiye.

Background: Advances in neonatal care have led to increased survival of extremely preterm infants. Extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants, defined as infants weighing less than 1000 g at birth, constitute a significant portion of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. The aim of this study is to determine the mortality and short-term morbidities of ELBW infants and assess the risk factors related to mortality.

Can the triglyceride-glucose index predict insulin resistance in LGA newborns?

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio and their relationships with insulin resistance in LGA infants.

Methods: A prospective controlled study was conducted including 65 LGA and gestational age, gender-matched appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates. Serum TG, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin and glucose levels were measured within two hours after birth, TyG index and HOMA-IR values were calculated.

Evaluation of radiologic evidence of metabolic bone disease in very low birth weight infants at fourth week of life.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of metabolic bone disease (MBD) and assess the risk factors for development radiologic evidence of MBD.

Methods: Preterm infants with gestational age ≤32 weeks and birth weight ≤1500 g were included in this prospective study. Metabolic bone disease was defined as hypophosphatemia (phosphorus levels <4 mg/dl), ALP levels >450 U/L, or radiologic findings of MBD at four weeks of age.

Bevacizumab and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity: should we still worry?

Aim: Bevacizumab may affect preterm infants' ongoing organogenesis with its antiangiogenic effects. We aimed to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) of preterm infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with laser photocoagulation (LP), intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) or both treatments, and to find out the effects of IVB on NDO.

Methods: Medical records of preterm infants with ROP treatment and evaluation for NDO were retrospectively collected between 1 January 2017 and 31 June 2019.

Incidence and risk factors of postnatal growth restriction in preterm infants.

Aim: Preterm infants are often significantly underweight at the time of hospital discharge. Growth impairment during early infancy can have permanent detrimental effects. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of postnatal growth restriction (PNGR) in preterm infants.

Increased ADMA levels are associated with poor pulmonary outcome in preterm neonates.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from the amino acid L-arginine by the action of NO synthases (NOS), is a pulmonary vasodilator. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NOS. Preterm infants have higher plasma ADMA concentrations than term infants which could cause inhibition of NO synthesis and deterioration in pulmonary functions.

Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in severe transient tachypnea of the newborn.

Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by NO synthase (NOS), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NOS. We aimed to investigate l-arginine and ADMA levels in transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and their relationship with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and disease severity.

Study Design: Infants born at ⩾35 weeks gestational age with clinical signs and chest X-ray findings consistent with TTN were enrolled; controls were recruited at the same time.

Clinical findings and effect of sodium hydrogen carbonate in patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency.

Background: Glutathione synthetase (GS) deficiency is a rare inborn error of glutathione (GSH) metabolism manifested by severe metabolic acidosis, hemolytic anemia, neurological problems and massive excretion of pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline) in the urine. The disorder has mild, moderate, and severe clinical variants. We aimed to report clinical and laboratory findings of four patients, effect of sodium hydrogen carbonate treatment and long-term follow up of three patients.

A case series of neonatal arrhythmias.

Objective: Neonatal arrhythmias (NAs) are defined as abnormal heart rates in the neonatal period. They may occur as a result of various cardiovascular, systemic and metabolic problems.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on newborns who were diagnosed with NA during hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), or who were admitted to the NICU because of an arrhythmia diagnosis in two NICUs in Turkey from May 2011 to June 2013.

Risk of retinopathy of prematurity in small for gestational age premature infants.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit and to evaluate its relationship with gestational age.

Methods: Cohort study of neonates with gestational age ≤ 32 weeks or birthweight ≤ 1500 g.

Results: Of the 495 neonates screened, 43 (8.

Isolated ectrodactyly in a newborn with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is the most common numerical chromosome abnormality among live born infants. Dysmorphic features, congenital malformations, cognitive impairment are major features. Musculoskeletal anomalies are associated with abnormal collagen function.

Fetal echogenic bowel in association with Zellweger syndrome.

Increased echogenicity of fetal bowel in the second trimester obstetrical ultrasound has been described in association with several pathologic conditions, such as growth restriction, aneuploidy, cystic fibrosis, congenital infections, and gastrointestinal malformations. Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is the prototype of peroxisomal disorders characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism and severe neurologic abnormalities. We report two cases with fetal echogenic bowel (FEB) but no associated anomalies and normal fetal growth.

Remifentanil analgesia during laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity: a practical approach in neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of childhood blindness.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of remifentanil analgesia during laser treatment of ROP performed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Patients And Methods: Remifentanil was infused continuously during the procedure starting with a dose of 0.

Effects of phototherapy using different light sources on oxidant and antioxidant status of neonates with jaundice.

Background/aim: Neonates have limited antioxidant protective capacity. It has recently been demonstrated that phototherapy used for treatment of neonatal jaundice produces oxidative stress. Various phototherapy devices using different light sources are available for phototherapy.

Body temperature changes of newborns under fluorescent versus LED phototherapy.

Objective: To determine changes in body temperature (BT) of hyperbilirubinemic newborns under conventional phototherapy with fluorescent lamps and light emitting diodes (LED) at different irradiances.

Methods: Otherwise healthy newborn infants >34 wk gestational age (GA) hospitalized for indirect hyperbilirubinemia, requiring phototherapy in the first 10 d of life were enrolled. Infants who received conventional phototherapy with fluorescent lamps (10-15 μW/cm(2)/nm irradiance) were defined as group 1, LED phototherapy of 26-60 μW/cm(2)/nm irradiance as group 2, and LED phototherapy of 60-120 μW/cm(2)/nm irradiance as group 3.

An unusual localization of the umbilicus in a neonate.

We report the case of a male neonate with a low-set umbilicus. Physical examination revealed an appropriately grown term infant with no unusual findings, except ectopically placed umbilical cord at the level of the bladder in the hypogastric zone. The infant underwent detailed investigations that revealed no associated malformation.

Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in preterm infants: a cost-effectiveness study from Turkey.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis with palivizumab in Turkey, by comparing hospitalization rates and costs as well as results of risk analyses in preterm infants who were treated either with palivizumab or conservatively. This retrospective study was undertaken in two centers on infants born with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks during the 2010-2011 seasons. Patients were divided into two groups based on status of RSV prophylaxis.

The effect of galactagogue herbal tea on oxidant and anti-oxidant status of human milk.

Objective: Human milk (HM) has antioxidant constituents which protect newborns against oxidative damage. We aimed to evaluate whether maternal consumption of herbal tea containing fenugreek had any effects on global oxidant and antioxidant capacity of HM.

Methods: Volunteer mothers 18-35 years of age without any antenatal or perinatal risk factors were randomly assigned to receive galactagogue herbal tea (Humana still-tee®, Herford, Deutschland) 3 cups/d or same amount of water as placebo.

Erythema annulare centrifugum as the presenting sign of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in a newborn.

We report a case of erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) with neonatal onset. The patient presented on the fourth day of life with erythematous papules that enlarged centrifugally to form annular or policyclic plaques on anterior surface of trunk and legs without signs of systemic toxicity. Subsequently, she developed sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation and died on the sixth day of life.

A rare tumor of nasal bone in a child: osteoblastoma.

Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon bone tumor, representing 1% of all benign tumors and 3% of all primary bone tumors. Intranasal or paranasal osteoblastoma is particularly rare. Osteoblastoma occurs more frequently in males, at a peak age between 10 and 20 years.

Oligodendroglioma arising in a mature cystic ovarian teratoma in a child.

In childhood mature cystic teratomas are the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumors. Tumors of neuroepithelial origin are extremely rare in mature teratomas. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report oligodendroglioma arising in a mature cystic ovarian teratoma in children.