BV associated bacteria specifically BVAB 1 and BVAB 3 as biomarkers for HPV risk and progression of cervical neoplasia.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes. There is a proposed bidirectional relationship between hrHPV and vaginal microbial diversity. This study investigated the association between BV associated bacteria in women co-infected with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hrHPV.

Resistance Profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Questioning the Effect of the Currently Advocated Dual Therapy.

Background: We report on the antimicrobial resistance profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and the distribution of tetM genes in isolates with high-level tetracycline resistance in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methods: Male and female patients presenting with urethral and/or vaginal discharge were recruited into the study. Urethral and cervical secretions were cultured on New York City agar.