Multimodal Imaging of the Normal Eye.

Multimodal imaging is the concept of "bundling" images obtained from various imaging modalities, viz., fundus photograph, fundus autofluorescence imaging, infrared (IR) imaging, simultaneous fluorescein and indocyanine angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and, more recently, OCT angiography. Each modality has its pros and cons as well as its limitations.

An after after-cataract: A curious case of visual axis re-opacification.

Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is common after cataract surgery. Recurrence is very rare after a successful Yttrium aluminium-garnet (YAG) capsulotomy in adults. We report a case of visual axis re-opacification after a successful YAG capsulotomy for PCO in an adult.

Foveal Layer Morphology Detected on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and its Correlation with Visual Acuity in Asian Indian Premature Infants in their First Year of Life.

Purpose: To report foveal microanatomy imaged on handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and correlate it with visual acuity in Asian Indian premature infants.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 32 Asian Indian premature infants, 10 with Type 2 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), were imaged between 3 and 12 months of corrected postmenstrual age (PMA) on the handheld SDOCT (Envisu 2300, Bioptigen, DNC, USA). The foveal findings on these images were correlated with visual acuity measured using Teller acuity cards.

Author's reply to 'Rickettsia retinitis cases in India: a few comments'.

Diagnosis of rickettsial retinitis remains presumptive when gold standard tests are not available or not done due to financial constrains. History of tick bite followed by fever with skin rash particularly in winter and spring season may point towards Rickettsiosis. The absence of scarring post resolution of rickettsial retinitis suggests inner retinal involvement in contrast to toxoplasmosis.

Rickettsial retinitis-an Indian perspective.

Background: Though rickettsiosis is common in India, there is paucity of rickettsial retinitis (RR) reports from India. Moreover, rickettsial sub-types and their association with retinitis have not been studied. We are reporting a case series of presumed RR with their course of the disease, visual outcome, and association with rickettsial sub-type based on Weil-Felix test.

Comparative Evaluation of the Corneal and Anterior Chamber Parameters Derived From Scheimpflug Imaging in Arab and South Asian Normal Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in the normal corneal and anterior segment Scheimpflug parameters in Arab and South Asian eyes.

Methods: This hospital-based study was performed at a cornea and refractive surgery service in Abu Dhabi. A total of 600 consecutive normal candidates of South Asian (group 1, n = 300) and Arab (group 2, n = 300) origins underwent Scheimpflug imaging (Sirius; Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Italy).

Urrets-Zavalia syndrome after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

We report a case of fixed, non-reactive pupil (Urrets-Zavalia syndrome) in a 34-year-old patient following laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) caused probably by intermittent postoperative intraocular pressure fluctuations. This case highlights the possibility of a fixed and dilated pupil even after LASIK, a technically non-intraocular surgery, which is due to a preventable cause: postoperative intraocular pressure fluctuations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome following LASIK.

Macular edema in Asian Indian premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity: Impact on visual acuity and refractive status after 1-year.

Purpose: To report the impact of transient, self-resolving, untreated "macular edema" detected on spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Asian Indian premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on visual acuity (VA) and refraction at 1-year of corrected age.

Materials And Methods: Visual acuity and refraction of 11 infants with bilateral macular edema (Group A) was compared with gestational age-matched 16 infants with ROP without edema (Group B) and 17 preterms infants without ROP and without edema (Group C) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of corrected age using Teller Acuity Cards and cycloplegic retinoscopy. Sub-group analysis of the previously described pattern A and B macular edema was performed.

Implantable collamer lens in a case of corneal scar with anisometropic amblyopia in an adult: an expanded indication.

A 35-year-old man, a unilateral high myope with corneal scarring, presented for evaluation. He had a stromal scar that started temporally, traversed along the pupillary zone partially and extended across the horizontal diameter of the cornea. The Descemet's membrane appeared intact even though the scar was extending into deep stroma towards the nasal end, as seen in the optical coherence tomography image.

Universal ocular screening of 1021 term infants using wide-field digital imaging in a single public hospital in India - a pilot study.

Purpose: Universal eye screening of neonates is currently not standard of care. Early detection of abnormalities could offer prompt management and a reduction in visual morbidity. We report a pilot study using wide-field digital imaging to screen all infants at birth to explore its feasibility as a tool for universal screening.

Management of recurrent postoperative fungal endophthalmitis.

Aim: To report the management of recurrent postoperative fungal endophthalmitis (POFE) after failed pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and antifungal therapy.

Settings And Design: Tertiary Care Referral Centre in North India. Retrospective, single institution, interventional case-series.

High definition spectral domain optical coherence tomography of retinal pigment epithelial rip in a case of sympathetic ophthalmia.

Background: We are reporting a case of granulomatous panuveitis in the right eye following penetrating injury to the left eye.

Findings: A 34-year-old female was diagnosed to have sympathetic ophthalmia on treatment with systemic steroids. Vision did not improve in spite of aggressive systemic steroid therapy.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography findings of iris granulomas in Hansen's disease: a case report.

Background: A 50-year-old male was diagnosed to have a right eye sclerouveitis and left eye granulomatous anterior uveitis due to Hansen's disease. We are reporting the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) findings of iris granuloma in this case.

Findings: Skin biopsy revealed plenty of acid fast bacilli with a bacteriological index of 5 suggestive of multibacillary polar lepromatous leprosy.

Chikungunya and the eye: a review.

Chikungunya is a self-limited, systemic viral infection that has been a major health problem since the past few years. Ocular manifestations of the disease have become more prevalent in the recent years. Currently, there is neither a specific treatment nor vaccine available for chikungunya fever.

A novel, low-cost method of enrolling infants at risk for Retinopathy of Prematurity in centers with no screening program: the REDROP study.

Purpose: To report the first-year results of the Red Card for Retinopathy of Prematurity (REDROP) study, a low-cost interim strategy to enroll infants into retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening where limited expertise exists, piloted at a multi-specialty general hospital.

Methods: Red "warning" cards were placed alongside green "congratulations" cards above the weighing scale in the neonatal unit. Staff weighing the newborn were instructed to give either one of the cards to each mother depending on the weight of the child (≤ 2000 g, red, and > 2000 g, green).

Unilateral conjunctival ulcer due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection.

We report a case of unilateral conjunctival ulcer due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in an immunocompetent individual. A 44-year-old male presented with complaints of pain and yellowish discharge in the right eye for one week. Patient underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation and relevant laboratory investigations.

Understanding clinically undetected macular changes in early retinopathy of prematurity on spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To investigate macular changes in acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: Fifty-four premature infants with ROP and 20 controls underwent routine ROP screening with indirect ophthalmoscopy and imaging. A tabletop spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scanner (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was converted into a handheld device to image infants in the office sans sedation.

Topical podophyllum-induced toxic anterior uveitis.

Objective: To report a case of toxic anterior uveitis probably secondary to the use of topical podophyllum.

Design: Case report, interventional.

Methods: The authors present a 78-year-old male with acute anterior uveitis that developed within a couple of hours of application of topical podophyllum.

Retinal vasculitis as an early indicator of systemic candidal abscesses in a premature infant.

We report a case of fungal retinal vasculitis in a 32 week gestational age, 1200 g premature infant detected during routine screening for retinopathy of prematurity at 78 days of age. The patient subsequently developed sepsis with perinephric abscess but responded rapidly to systemic therapy. Fortuitous detection of retinal vasculitis as the first evidence of a systemic fungal infection in an immunocompetent and asymptomatic infant has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported.