Marine cyanobacterial biomass is an efficient feedstock for fungal bioprocesses.

Background: Marine cyanobacteria offer many sustainability advantages, such as the ability to fix atmospheric CO, very fast growth and no dependence on freshwater for culture. Cyanobacterial biomass is a rich source of sugars and proteins, two essential nutrients for culturing any heterotroph. However, no previous study has evaluated their application as a feedstock for fungal bioprocesses.

Comparison of lignocellulosic enzymes and CAZymes between ascomycetes () and basidiomycetes () species: a proteomic approach.

Wood decomposing ascomycetes and basidiomycetes group of fungi are the most valuable microbes on the earth's ecosystem that recycles the source of carbon; therefore, they are essential for the biorefinery industries. To understand the robustness of the enzymes and their metabolic pathways in the fungal system, label-free quantification of the total proteins was performed. The fungi showed a comparable quantity of protein abundance [ (285), (206), MDU-7 (102), (242)].

Overexpression of bicarbonate transporters in the marine cyanobacterium sp. PCC 7002 increases growth rate and glycogen accumulation.

Background: sp. PCC 7002 is an attractive organism as a feedstock and for photoautotrophic production of biofuels and biochemicals due to its fast growth and ability to grow in marine/brackish medium. Previous studies suggest that the growth of this organism is limited by the HCO transport across the cytoplasmic membrane.

Metabolic coupling in the co-cultured fungal-yeast suite of Trametes ljubarskyi and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa leads to hypersecretion of laccase isozymes.

Trametes ljubarskyi produces multiple laccase isozymes under various physicochemical conditions. During co-cultivation condition Rhodotorula mucilaginosa showed inter-specific interactions with T. ljubarskyi and hypersecretion of laccases; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is less-known.

De novo transcriptome assembly and protein profiling of copper-induced lignocellulolytic fungus Ganoderma lucidum MDU-7 reveals genes involved in lignocellulose degradation and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways.

Ganoderma lucidum is an important medicinal fungus that possesses exceedingly high lignocellulose degrading ability. Evidently, Cu has decisive roles on the mycelial growth and enzyme production. To reveal the effect of Cu on G.

Potential of in situ SSF laccase produced from Ganoderma lucidum RCK 2011 in biobleaching of paper pulp.

Production of laccase from Ganoderma lucidum RCK 2011 under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions was optimized using response surface methodology, resulting in an approximate eightfold increase compared to that in the unoptimized media. Further, the enzyme produced under SSF as whole fermented substrate (in situ SSF laccase) was found to be more stable than the in vitro enzyme (harvested by downstreaming processing of fermented wheat bran). Interestingly, the biobleaching potentials of both in situ and in vitro SSF laccases were comparable, saving 25% chlorine dioxide for achieving similar pulp brightness as obtained in the pulp treated chemically.

Bifunctional in vivo role of laccase exploited in multiple biotechnological applications.

Laccases are multicopper enzymes present in plants, fungi, bacteria, and insects, which catalyze oxidation reactions together with four electron reduction of oxygen to water. Plant, bacterial, and insect laccases have a polymerizing role in nature, implicated in biosynthesis of lignin, melanin formation, and cuticle hardening, respectively. On the other hand, fungal laccases carry out both polymerizing (melanin synthesis and fruit body formation) as well as depolymerizing roles (lignin degradation).

Functional Expression of a Thermostable Endoglucanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK in Pichia pastoris X-33 and Its Characterization.

Thermostable cellulases offer several advantages like higher rates of substrate hydrolysis, lowered risk of contamination, and increased flexibility with respect to process design. In the present study, a thermostable native endoglucanase nEG (EC 3.2.

Improved Production of Thermostable Cellulase from Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK by Fermentation Bioprocessing and Its Application in the Hydrolysis of Office Waste Paper, Algal Pulp, and Biologically Treated Wheat Straw.

Thermostable cellulases have wide variety of applications and distinctive advantages, but their low titer becomes the hurdle in their commercialization. In the present work, an assessment of optimum levels of significant factors (temperature, moisture ratio, inoculum size, and ammonium sulfate) and the effect of their interactions on production of thermostable CMCase, FPase, and β-glucosidase by Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK under solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried out using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The study revealed 33, 13, and 8 % improvement in FPase, CMCase, and β-glucosidase production, respectively.

In-Vitro Refolding and Characterization of Recombinant Laccase (CotA) From Bacillus pumilus MK001 and Its Potential for Phenolics Degradation.

Among lignocellulolytic enzymes, laccases are the most versatile, broadly specific, and largely studied enzyme with a wide range of biotechnological potential. Putative laccase (CotA) from Bacillus pumilus MK001 was cloned and expressed in E. coli.

Cost-effective production of cellulose hydrolysing enzymes from Trichoderma sp. RCK65 under SSF and its evaluation in saccharification of cellulosic substrates.

Trichoderma sp. is a potential cellulase producing mesophilic fungi which grow under mild acidic condition. In this study, growth and nutritional conditions were manipulated for the maximum and cost-effective production of cellulase using lab strain Trichoderma sp.

Microbiological Analyses of Traditional Alcoholic Beverage (Chhang) and its Starter (Balma) Prepared by Bhotiya Tribe of Uttarakhand, India.

Present article depicts microbiology of starter (Balma) used in traditional solid-state fermentation of alcoholic beverage (Chhang) by Bhotiya tribe of Uttarakhand. It also highlights the importance of herbs in Balma preparation and kinetics of lactic acid and ethanol fermentation under Chhang preparation using Balma. Balma contains 214 × 10(6) cfu/g yeasts, 2.

Multiple Genes in a Single Host: Cost-Effective Production of Bacterial Laccase (cotA), Pectate Lyase (pel), and Endoxylanase (xyl) by Simultaneous Expression and Cloning in Single Vector in E. coli.

This study attempted to reduce the enzyme production cost for exploiting lignocellulosic materials by expression of multiple genes in a single host. Genes for bacterial laccase (CotA), pectate lyase (Pel) and endoxylanase (Xyl), which hold significance in lignocellulose degradation, were cloned in pETDuet-1 vector containing two independent cloning sites (MCS). CotA and xyl genes were cloned in MCS1 and MCS 2, respectively.

Characterization of recombinant pectate lyase refolded from inclusion bodies generated in E. coli BL21(DE3).

Pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.

Production of thermostable hydrolases (cellulases and xylanase) from Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK: a potential fungus.

Thermophilic fungi are potential sources of thermostable enzymes and other value added products. Present study has focused on optimization of different physicochemical parameters for production of thermostable cellulases and xylanase by Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK under SSF. Enzyme production was supported maximally on wheat bran fed with 20% inoculum, at initial pH 5, temperature 45 °C and moisture ratio 1:3.

Bioprocessing of wheat straw into nutritionally rich and digested cattle feed.

Wheat straw was fermented by Crinipellis sp. RCK-1, a lignin degrading fungus, under solid state fermentation conditions. The fungus degraded 18.

Solid state bioconversion of wheat straw into digestible and nutritive ruminant feed by Ganoderma sp. rckk02.

Solid state fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw with Ganoderma sp. rckk02 was carried out for 15 days for improving its digestibility and nutrients. Fungal growth caused a significant (P<0.