Long non-coding RNA H19 as a prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: H19, a 2.3 kb lncRNA, has been linked to tumor metastasis and progression, but its significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. H19 was initially thought to have a tumor-suppressive function, but recent studies have shown that it possesses both tumor-promoting and suppressive functions.

Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and p63 in selected odontogenic cysts and tumours.

Background: It is a well-recognized fact that abnormal cell proliferation plays a crucial role in the development of odontogenic lesions. p53 is a tumour-suppressor gene which assists in cell cycle regulation and p63 is a homolog of p53 responsible for ectodermal differentiation and maintenance of stratified epithelial progenitor-cell. Analysing the tissue expression of p53 and p63 in odontogenic lesions may provide us with an insight into their potential role in the development of these lesions.

Prognostic evaluation of tumour budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Evidenced by CD44 expression as a cancer stem cell marker.

Objectives: Tumor budding is a sign of invasion and early step for metastasis of many cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Evidences suggest the presence of cancer stem cells in tumor buds. CD44 has been reported in tumor growth and metastasis as a cancer stem cell marker in OSCC.

Quantitative analysis of lncRNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The study evaluated expression profiles of few regulatory lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa adjacent to oral cancer using paired fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues stored at a different duration of time (1-5 years) using real-time quantitative PCR. The quantity and quality of total RNA isolated from FFPE tissues was less compared with that of fresh frozen tissues, which resulted in a noncorrelation of quantification cycle values. Following normalization, the expression of lncRNAs in the paired tissues did not differ significantly.

An optimized protocol for total RNA isolation from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to identify the long non-coding RNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Approximately 93% of the human genome is translated into RNAs, of which only 2% code for proteins and the rest 98% are noncoding RNAs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of > 200 nucleotides length that are emerging as novel players in the field of cancer diagnostics or prognostics. Recently, lncRNAs are known to be associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).

Unusual Gigantiform Angiomatosis of Jawbone.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight rare highly infiltrative massive Angiomatosis and depict surgical outcome of a rare case series of gigantic lesions in the maxillofacial region. Data were recorded from the medical records of patients. Predictor variables were drawn from demographics, age, gender, site, evaluation of surgical treatment.

Cell Block and Its Impact in the Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions over Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Objectives: To determine the role and efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and cell block in diagnosis of jaw lesions and compare the agreement between FNAC and cell block to predict the diagnosis.

Method: The sample comprised 51 cases, including 12 odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), 8 ameloblastomas, 22 radicular cysts, 7 dentigerous cysts, and 1 each of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). FNAC samples remaining after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained cytosmear diagnosis were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min.

Role of coronoidectomy and temporalis myotomy in surgical management of oral submucous fibrosis.

Purpose: The involvement of temporalis muscle fibers by oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and the procedure of coronoidectomy and temporalis myotomy in the surgical treatment protocol for the disease is a controversy. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the histopathological changes in temporalis muscle fibers in patients undergoing surgical treatment for OSMF and to authenticate the importance of temporalis myotomy and coronoidectomy in surgical treatment protocol.

Method: A 3-year prospective study was conducted to assess the histopathological changes in temporalis muscle in surgically treated OSMF cases.

Histological assessment of budding and depth of invasion (BD) model in biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Recognizing precise prognosticators from preoperative biopsies that aids in treatment is of immense clinical importance. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the tumor budding (B), depth of invasion (D) and combined scores (BD) model in the preoperative biopsies and subsequent postoperative specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Material And Methods: B and D were assessed in the pre- and postoperative specimens of 65 OSCC cases treated in the institution.

Log odds of positive lymph nodes as an independent predictor of overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Context: Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) have been recently demonstrated as a very promising staging model and have outperformed AJCC pN, lymph node ratio (LNR) category in major cancers. Literature is scarce concerning the prognostic ability of LODDS in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.

Aims: The present study was aimed to evaluate the importance of LODDS in predicting locoregional recurrence and overall survival (OS) in patients with OSCC compared to LNR.

PTEN and α-SMA Expression and Diagnostic Role in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Concomitant Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Objectives: The diagnostic role and correlation between phosphatase and tensin homologue and alpha-smooth muscle actin in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma with concomitant oral submucous fibrosis was analysed by this case control study. The mechanism by which phosphatase and tensin homologue controls myofibroblast expression was also evaluated.

Material And Methods: Overall, 10 normal mucosa, 30 oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with OSF were stained immunohistochemically with phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).

An aggressive pyogenic granuloma masquerading as a vascular neoplasm.

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign lesion, with a female predilection, commonly associated with local irritation or trauma. We report an unusual, destructive case of PG, displaying excessive loss of blood and destruction of alveolar bone leading to the loss of maxillary anterior teeth in an 18-year-old female, compromising function and esthetics. The incisional and excisional biopsy specimen of this recurrent lesion obtained during a 5-year span was studied, which revealed an increase in vascularity and extensive proliferation of endothelial cells admixed with varying degree of inflammatory cell infiltrate.

p16 as an independent marker for detection of high-risk HPV in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: An alarming increase in incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by 25% and 70% in oropharyngeal HNSCC cannot be ignored. The early oncogenes of HPV, E6, and E7 play a key role in carcinogenesis. HPV associated tumors have a better clinical outcome and a favorable prognosis.

Natural stains Roscoe (ginger) and L. (turmeric) - A substitute to eosin.

Background: Stained slides are of the utmost source of information in pathology. The routine stains utilize synthetic dyes which pose various health hazards which necessitate the importance of natural extracts as a histological stain.

Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of ginger and turmeric extracts as histological dyes in tissues keeping eosin as standard.

A retrospective study of clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma with and without oral submucous fibrosis.

Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is strongly associated with areca nut usage; the existence of OSF in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an indicator of areca nut-induced carcinogenesis. As areca nut follows a discrete molecular path for oral carcinogenesis, this could be the basis why OSCC patients with OSF are different and are currently projected to constitute a distinct clinicopathologic entity.

Aim: This study aims to analyze and compare the demographics, risk factors and clinicopathologic features of OSCC patients with and without OSF.

p53 polymorphism and association of human papillomavirus in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A case-control study.

Introduction: The tumor-suppressor p53 protein is inactivated by the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein, causing polymorphism of the p53 at codon 72 of exon either proline (Pro) or arginine (Arg). Specific allele predisposition has been reported in the literature. The association between the p53 allele and HPV types has been reported.

Immunolocalization of c-Jun in normal mucosa, oral submucous fibrosis, epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative study.

Background And Objective: c-Jun an activator protein-1 transcription factor component is activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli. Overexpression of c-Jun has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer including oral cancer. The aim of this study was to correlate the expression of c-Jun in the normal buccal mucosa (NM), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), severe epithelial dysplasia (ED), and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC).

Reactive lesions of oral cavity: A retrospective study of 659 cases.

Objective: This study reviews, analyzes, and compares the demographic data, histopathological features and discusses the treatment and prognosis of reactive lesions (RLs).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study was performed on the departmental archives from July 2006 to July 2016 (total 5000 cases) comprising of 659 cases of RLs of the oral cavity. The recorded data included age, gender, size, site, duration, habits, etiology, histopathological diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Serum alkaline phosphatase in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its association with clinicopathological characteristics.

Context: Biochemical changes occur in biological fluids and tissues of different types of malignancies. Tumor markers in serum, tissue, and other body fluids during neoplastic process are of clinical value in the management of patients with cancers. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is potentially a useful indicator for detection of malignancies, but its status in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is less explored.

An unusual case of neural palatal swelling.

Neural tumors in the oral cavity occur both in the soft tissues and in the jaw bones. They occur as painless, smooth surface swelling in the soft tissues of the mouth, exhibiting a slow rate of growth and mild expansion of the cortical plates. Here, we report a rare case of a cellular variant of schwannoma in a young Indian female patient who presented with an asymptomatic nodule in the mid-palatine raphe region of the hard palate, mimicking a fibroma, thus creating a dilemma in the diagnosis.

Histochemical analysis of collagen reorganization at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinoma tumors.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to: (a) analyze the nature of collagen with respect to cohesive and discohesive invasive tumor front (ITF) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); (b) analyze the clinicopathological correlation with the nature of collagen at the ITF of OSCC; and (c) correlate the nature of collagen with Broder's and Bryne's histological grading system of OSCC.

Methods: Tissue sections of 29 OSCC with ITF were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red staining for evaluation under a polarized microscope.

Results: Tumors with a cohesive front had a thick collagen fiber, are predominantly organized, red-yellow in color, well packed, and show strong birefringence (P<.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin B1 in Epithelial Hyperplasia, Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas - A Comparative Study.

Introduction: Cyclin B1 is important in the cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase. Cyclin B1 binds to CDC2, which then becomes dephosphorylated and gets relocated to the nucleus, ensuring the transition toward mitosis.

Aim: Over expression of Cyclin B1, has been reported more recently in breast, colon, prostate, oral and esophageal carcinomas.

Improvization of conventional cytology by centrifuged liquid-based cytology in oral exfoliative cytology specimen.

Background: Exfoliative cytology is the microscopic examination of shed or desquamated cells from the epithelial surface. Centrifuged liquid-based cytology (CLBC) is a modified technique that was used in the current study.

Aims: To compare the efficacy of CLBC with conventional cytology in apparently normal mucosa after staining with Papanicolaou (PAP) stain.