Epstein-Barr virus in tonsillar tissue of Iranian children with tonsillar hypertrophy: Quantitative measurement by real-time PCR.

Background And Objectives: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is ubiquitous all around the world. Tonsils seem to be candidate replication sites for EBV, and these tissues can be infected acutely or chronically. Some studies reported an association between EBV infection and tonsillar hypertrophy.

Evaluation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II (Ang II), miR-141-3p, and miR-421 levels in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a case-control study.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a pivotal member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as its cell-entry receptor. Another member of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II), is the major biologically active component in this system. There is growing evidence suggesting that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection and regulate ACE2 expression.

SARS-CoV-2 intrahost evolution in immunocompromised patients in comparison with immunocompetent populations after treatment.

Many evidence suggests that long-lasting infection can develop with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This occurrence has been widely described in immunocompromised individuals. In these patients, ineffective clearance of virus infection provides an opportunity for developing immune escape mutants.

Surveillance of endemic coronaviruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, 2021-2022.

Background: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63 are common viruses that continuously circulate in the human population. Previous studies showed the circulation of HCoVs during the cold months in Iran. We studied the circulation of HCoVs during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to find the impact of pandemic on the circulation of these viruses.

Molecular epidemiology of human adenoviruses in children with and without respiratory symptoms: Preliminary findings from a case-control study.

Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important viral agent in children which can lead to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Reports on molecular epidemiology of HAdVs in Iran are limited. This case-control study is conducted to compare the HAdV infection rate and molecular epidemiology among two groups of children with and without respiratory symptoms in Tehran, Iran during 2018-2019.

The effects of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum loads on semen quality: Detection and quantitative analysis.

Background: The loads of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) may impact infertility, as well as cause risk of transmission. The quality and quantity of semen demonstrate male reproductive health. This study aimed to investigate the semen quality affected by CT, MH, and UU loads.

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection by real-time PCR assay using pooled specimens.

To evaluate SARS-CoV-2 genome detection using pooled samples by RT-qPCR assay, compared to individual samples. At first all samples were tested individually using two commercial methods targeting ,  and  genes. Then, four experimental groups of samples were pooled and evaluated using the same detection methods.

Impact of human rhinoviruses on gene expression in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infection.

Unlabelled: Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the most common viruses, causing mild to severe respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Moreover, it can lead to patients' hospitalization. Nowadays, evaluation of gene expression alterations in host cells due to viral respiratory infections considered essential to understand the viral effects on cells.

Survey of WU and KI polyomaviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and parechovirus in children under 5 years of age in Tehran, Iran.

Background And Objectives: Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) remain an important cause for childhood morbidity worldwide. We designed a research with the objective of finding the frequency of respiratory viruses, particularly WU and KI polyomaviruses (WUPyV & KIPyV), human coronaviruses (HCoVs), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) in hospitalized children who were influenza negative.

Materials And Methods: Throat swabs were collected from children younger than 5 years who have been hospitalized for SARI and screened for WUPyV, KIPyV, HCoVs, HRSV and HPeV using Real time PCR.

Potential of H1N1 influenza A virus as an air borne pathogen to induce infectivity in pancreas: a mouse model study.

Introduction: H1N1 influenza virus, as an indoor/outdoor pathogen in air, can cause the flu-like illness and respiratory complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the H1N1 influenza virus replication in pancreas and investigate the immune response against infected pancreas.

Material And Methods: First, mouse pancreas cell line was infected by H1N1 influenza A virus using intranasally and intravenously infection methods, and then the pancreas tissue was collected and pathology experiment was carried out.

A field indoor air measurement of SARS-CoV-2 in the patient rooms of the largest hospital in Iran.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China, in late 2019 and has rapidly spread throughout the world. The major route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is in contention, with the airborne route a likely transmission pathway for carrying the virus within indoor environments. Until now, there has been no evidence for detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and this may have implication for the potential spread of the COVID-19.

Elevated serum levels of adiponectin and interlukin-28B after IFN/RIB therapy in hepatitis C virus-infected patients.

Introduction: The interleukin 28B (IL28B) genotype is associated with changes of lipid metabolism in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The association of steatosis with serum levels of adiponectin in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients has also been documented. This study aimed for the evaluation of serum levels of IL28B and adiponectin as well as the association of IL28B SNPs with different clinicopathological parameters in HCV-infected patients.

Genotype-related variations in proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels in treated and treatment-naive HCV-infected patients.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) modulates immune-related inflammatory responses to induce milder reactions leading to virus persistence. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the link between the HCV genotypes and the proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels. Ninety patients with hepatitis C infection (68 treatment-naive and 22 treated patients) and 76 healthy blood donors were studied.

Distribution of IL-28B genotypes in patients with hepatitis C and healthy individuals in Jahrom city.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of interleukin (IL)-28B genotypes between Iranian healthy individuals and patients with chronic hepatitis C based on the genotype.

Background: Polymorphisms in the region of IL-28B gene have been identified as the strongest genetic pretreatment predictor of sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C infection.

Patients And Methods: In this study, 147 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 80 healthy individuals were included.

Design of a heterosubtypic epitope-based peptide vaccine fused with hemokinin-1 against influenza viruses.

Influenza viruses continue to emerge and re-emerge, posing new threats for public health. Control and treatment of influenza depends mainly on vaccination and chemoprophylaxis with approved antiviral drugs. Identification of specific epitopes derived from influenza viruses has significantly advanced the development of epitope-based vaccines.

Necrotic Response to Low Pathogenic H9N2 Influenza Virus in Chicken Hepatoma Cells.

Background: Limited knowledge about the molecular mechanism of avian influenza H9N2 virus pathogenicity in birds as well as human hosts has limited the development of effective control against the disease. To overcome this issue detailed understanding of the infectious characteristics of the virus in host cells should be obtained.

Objectives: In this study we examined the replication kinetics of H9N2 virus in a chicken hepatoma cell line to obtain insight into the pathogenesis of H9N2 viruses.

Apoptotic response of chicken embryonic fibroblast cells to infectious bursal disease virus infections reflects viral pathogenicity.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induces immunodeficiency in young chickens and apoptosis in chicken embryos. To understand the relation between the viral pathogenesis and the induction of cell death, chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells were infected with IBDV intermediate (im) and very virulent (vv) strains at different MOIs. The cell viability and DNA fragmentation were evaluated in infected cells.

Dose- and time-dependent apoptosis induced by avian H9N2 influenza virus in human cells.

To understand human response to avian H9N2 influenza, we investigated the effects of the viral infection on A549, HepG2, and HeLa cells at low and high MOIs. To identify virus-host interplay, expression of Mx and NP genes was measured in the cells supernatants. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay, DNA fragmentation, and florescent staining.