Factors of Engagement in Employment or Education Following a First Episode of Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

Despite 75% of people who experience a first episode of psychosis (FEP) reaching clinical remission, this population continue to face lower rates of vocational recovery. This review aimed to identify the factors which help and hinder individuals' employment and post-secondary education engagement post-FEP. Three electronic databases (Psych INFO, Medline and Social Science Database) were searched up to 21st August 2023.

Fragment-based development of small molecule inhibitors targeting cholesterol metabolism.

() is the world's most deadly infectious pathogen and new drugs are urgently required to combat the emergence of multi- (MDR) and extensively- (XDR) drug resistant strains. The bacterium specifically upregulates sterol uptake pathways in infected macrophages and the metabolism of host-derived cholesterol is essential for long-term survival Here, we report the development of antitubercular small molecules that inhibit the cholesterol oxidases CYP125 and CYP142, which catalyze the initial step of cholesterol metabolism. An efficient biophysical fragment screen was used to characterize the structure-activity relationships of CYP125 and CYP142, and identify a non-azole small molecule that can bind to the heme cofactor of both enzymes.

Effect of digital health applications with or without gamification on physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Use of health applications (apps) to support healthy lifestyles has intensified. Different app features may support effectiveness, including gamification defined as the use of game elements in a non-game situation. Whether health apps with gamification can impact behaviour change and cardiometabolic risk factors remains unknown.

Laws for health and care worker protection and rights: A study of 182 countries.

The unprecedented and multi-faceted challenges health and care workers faced during the COVID-19 pandemic inspired the world's health ministers to call for a new Global Health and Care Worker Compact at the 74th World Health Assembly in 2021. The Care Compact identifies key areas where governments can use law and policy to prevent harm, provide support, ensure inclusivity, and safeguard rights of health and care workers toward improving population health. Using policy surveillance methods, we conducted an empirical analysis of the national law and policy environments on health and care workers' protection and rights in 182 countries.

Making it on the breadline - improving food security on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands, Central Australia.

Background: This longitudinal case study describes the efforts and impacts of community-controlled service organisations on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands in Central Australia to tackle food security since the 1980s, with a focus on the last decade, particularly during a year of concerted action from mid-2018.

Methods: The co-designed study comprised an interrupted time series with controls. Availability, affordability, accessibility and sales of foods in the community retail stores on the APY Lands were monitored regularly from 2014 to mid-2022, including by local research teams.

Power, data and social accountability: defining a community-led monitoring model for strengthened health service delivery.

Introduction: Despite international commitment to achieving the end of HIV as a public health threat, progress is off-track and existing gaps have been exacerbated by COVID-19's collision with existing pandemics. Born out of models of political accountability and historical healthcare advocacy led by people living with HIV, community-led monitoring (CLM) of health service delivery holds potential as a social accountability model to increase the accessibility and quality of health systems. However, the effectiveness of the CLM model in strengthening accountability and improving service delivery relies on its alignment with evidence-based principles for social accountability mechanisms.

Utilization of radiometric data for mapping primary and secondary sources of gamma radiation and radon/thoron release potentials in Ireland.

Background: This paper presents a novel approach to predict and map radon and thoron levels. We developed separate radon and thoron prediction maps for Ireland and introduced a system for producing high-resolution 3D radiation maps which may be used for planning purposes in residential areas, recycling and demolishing waste depots, and quarries of building and construction material. Additionally, we highlight the critical need to monitor thoron alongside radon in indoor surveys, as thoron's shorter half-life and higher energy levels may pose a greater health risk.

The Portfolio Diet and HbA1c in Adults Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Dietary Trials.

The Portfolio Diet, a dietary pattern of cholesterol-lowering foods, is also rich in low glycemic index (GI) foods. While strong evidence supports clinically meaningful reductions in cholesterol, evidence on the relationship between the Portfolio Diet and diabetes management is lacking. To evaluate the relationship between the Portfolio Diet and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a determinant of glycemic control among adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Simulation model to assess the validity of the clinical portfolio diet score used in the PortfolioDiet.app for dietary self-tracking: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in hyperlipidemic adults.

Introduction: The Portfolio Diet combines cholesterol-lowering plant foods for the management of cardiovascular disease risk. However, the translation of this dietary approach into clinical practice necessitates a user-friendly method for patients to autonomously monitor their adherence.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate the clinical-Portfolio Diet Score (c-PDS) as a food-based metric to facilitate self-tracking of the Portfolio Diet.

Facilitators and barriers to community-led monitoring of health programs: Qualitative evidence from the global implementation landscape.

Achieving the global HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria targets will require innovative strategies to deliver high quality and person-centered health services. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is a rapidly proliferating health systems strengthening intervention for improving healthcare services and documenting human rights violations, through social empowerment and political accountability. Driven in part by increasing financial support from donors, a growing number of countries are implementing CLM programs.

The role of the specialist nurse in comprehensive care for bleeding disorders in Europe: An integrative review.

Introduction: Managing bleeding disorders (BDs) is complex, requiring a comprehensive approach coordinated by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Haemophilia nurses (HNs) play a central role in the MDT, frequently coordinating care. As novel treatments bring change to the treatment landscape, ongoing education and development is key.

Complications and Outcomes After Fixation of Lisfranc Injuries at an Urban Level 1 Trauma Center.

Objectives: To evaluate patients with tarsometatarsal fractures and dislocations and describe complications and secondary operations.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Level 1 trauma center.

Blended feeding in gastrostomy-fed children-A scoping review.

Background: Blended feeding has become increasingly prevalent in recent years with its practice gaining some momentum. With anecdotal reports of benefits and little evidence of harm in the literature regarding blended feeding, this scoping review was deemed important. The aim of this scoping review was to summarise the published evidence about blended feeding in gastrostomy-fed children.

On the prediction of SAV transmission among Norwegian aquaculture sites.

Pancreas Disease (PD) is a viral disease that affects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norwegian, Scottish and Irish aquaculture. It is caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) and represents a significant problem in salmonid farming. Infection with SAV leads to reduced growth, mortality, product downgrading, and has a significant financial impact for the farms.

Improving economic access to healthy diets in first nations communities in high-income, colonised countries: a systematic scoping review.

Background: Affordability of healthy food is a key determinant of the diet-related health of First Nations Peoples. This systematic scoping review was commissioned by the Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council (NPYWC) in Central Australia to identify interventions to improve economic access to healthy food in First Nations communities in selected high-income, colonised countries.

Methods: Eight databases and 22 websites were searched to identify studies of interventions and policies to improve economic access to healthy food in First Nations communities in Australia, Canada, the United States or New Zealand from 1996 to May 2022.

The health inequity and socioeconomic inequality faced by adolescent girls and women on the move living with or at high risk of HIV infection, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.

Background: We assessed if women and girls on the move living with or at high risk of HIV faced increased health inequity and socioeconomic inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with other vulnerable women and girls.

Methods: We used data collected through a survey conducted in Nigeria between June and October 2021. Women and girls living with or at risk of HIV were recruited voluntarily, using a combination of venue-based and snowball sampling.

Drivers of HIV treatment interruption: Early findings from community-led monitoring program in Haiti.

Background: Failure to retain people living with HIV (PLHIV) in care remains a significant barrier to achieving epidemic control in Haiti, with as many as 30% lost from care within one year of starting treatment. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is an emerging approach of improving healthcare and accountability to service users, through a cycle of monitoring and advocacy. In 2020, a CLM program was launched in Haiti to identify barriers to retention and advocating for better health services.

A mutual regulatory loop between miR-155 and SOCS1 influences renal inflammation and diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, a global health issue. Hyperglycemia, in concert with cytokines, activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway to induce inflammation and oxidative stress contributing to renal damage. There is evidence of microRNA-155 (miR-155) involvement in diabetes complications, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.