Application of Echocardiography in Anaesthesia: From Preoperative Risk Assessment to Postoperative Care.

Echocardiography has carved out a fundamental niche in anaesthesiology, revolutionizing the monitoring and management of cardiac function during surgery. Clinical practice has changed from simple 2D and 3D echocardiography to more sophisticated applications such as incorporating artificial intelligence. Echocardiography provides detailed real-time information about cardiac anatomy and function, helping anaesthesiologists make better decisions regarding tailoring anesthetic interventions and optimizing patient outcomes.

Cavernous Malformations of the Central Nervous System: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.

Cavernous malformations (CMs) of the central nervous system (CNS) are vascular anomalies characterized by clusters of dilated, thin-walled blood vessels prone to leakage and hemorrhage. These malformations can occur throughout the CNS, including the brain and spinal cord, and present with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to severe neurological deficits. Advances in neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have greatly improved the diagnosis and understanding of CMs, enabling more precise differentiation from other vascular lesions.

High-Performance Broadband Self-Driven Photodetector Based on MoS/CsCuBr Heterojunction.

Few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides and perovskites are both promising materials in high-performance optoelectronic devices. Here, we developed a self-driven photodetector by creating a heterojunction between few-layer MoS and lead-free perovskite CsCuBr. The detector shows a unique property of very high sensitivity in a broad spectral range of 400 to 800 nm with response speed in a millisecond order.

Monolayer Graphene-MoSSe van der Waals Heterostructure for Highly Responsive Gate-Tunable Near-Infrared-Sensitive Broadband Fast Photodetector.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are potential two-dimentional materials as natural partners of graphene for highly responsive van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure photodetectors. However, the spectral detection range of the detectors is limited by the optical bandgap of the TMDC, which acts as a light-absorbing medium. Bandgap engineering by making alloy TMDC has evolved as a suitable approach for the development of wide-band photodetectors.

Biocompatible Carbon Dot Decorated α-FeOOH Nanohybrid for an Effective Fluorometric Sensing of Cr (VI) in Wastewater and Living Cells.

This article reports the fluorometric detection of toxic hexavalent chromium Cr (VI)) in wastewater and Cr (VI) contaminated living cells using in-situ grown carbon quantum dots into the goethite (α-FeOOH) nano-matrix. The synthesized nano-hybrid shows enormous potential in determining the chromium contamination levels in various types of water samples. This selective fluorometric probe is enormously sensitive (LOD 81 nM) toward hexavalent chromium, which makes it a dedicated chromium sensor.

Essential oil impregnated luminescent hydroxyapatite: Antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies.

In this study, porous fluorescent nanocrystalline erbium doped hydroxyapatite (eHAp) was synthesized via hydrothermal assisted co-precipitation method. Eucalyptus oil (EU), frankincense oil (FO), Tea tree oil (TTO), wintergreen oil (WO) were successfully absorbed into eHAp pellet by vacuum filtration technique using Buckner funnel. Phase crystallization, fluorescence property and microstructure of eHAp were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Photoluminiscence spectroscopy (PL) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).

Synthesis and Property of Copper-Impregnated α-MnO Semiconductor Quantum Dots.

Because of the superior optical and electrical properties, copper-impregnated size tuneable high-temperature stable manganese dioxide semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) have been successfully synthesized by a modified chemical synthesis technique. Their size-dependent dielectric properties, semiconducting properties, and current-voltage ( I- V) characteristics have been investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectra confirmed that the required phase is present.

Au nanoparticles functionalized 3D-MoS nanoflower: An efficient SERS matrix for biomolecule sensing.

Fabrication of Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanostructures and surface functionalization with noble metal nano particles is an emerging field of research as it has potential applications in electronic devices and chemical sensing. Here we report application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated MoS nanoflowers (Au-MoS NFs) as an efficient bio-sensor. MoS NFs, synthesized using green synthesis process, are further functionalized with AuNPs to tune their physical properties and make them more appropriate for biological applications.

Antimicrobial and biocompatible fluorescent hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposite films for biomedical applications.

Development of fluorescent erbium doped hydroxyapatite (eHAp)-chitosan nanocomposite film is reported. Nanocrystalline eHAp has been synthesized by hydrothermal assisted precipitation method using erbium (III) ions as dopant. Physico-chemical characterization by UV/Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminiscence spectroscopy (PL) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) confirmed incorporation and uniform distribution of eHAp in the chitosan films.

Photoresponse of a Single Y-Junction Carbon Nanotube.

We report investigation of optical response in a single strand of a branched carbon nanotube (CNT), a Y-junction CNT composed of multiwalled CNTs. The experiment was performed by connecting a pair of branches while grounding the remaining one. Of the three branch combinations, only one combination is optically active which also shows a nonlinear semiconductor-like I-V curve, while the other two branch combinations are optically inactive and show linear ohmic I-V curves.

Low-frequency flicker noise in a MSM device made with single Si nanowire (diameter ≈ 50 nm).

: Low-frequency flicker noise has been measured in a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) device made from a single strand of a single crystalline Si nanowire (diameter approximately 50 nm). Measurement was done with an alternating current (ac) excitation for the noise measurement superimposed with direct current (dc) bias that can be controlled independently. The observed noise has a spectral power density ∝1/fα.

Förster resonance energy transfer in a nanoscopic system on a dielectric interface.

We investigate picosecond-resolved energy transfer between a quantum dot (donor) and an organic molecule (acceptor) in the proximity of a reflecting metallic/non-metallic surface. We demonstrate experimentally that the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is significantly influenced by the proximity of the mirror. Locating a cadmium selenide quantum dot (donor: D) attached to an organic dye merocyanine (acceptor: A) at well-defined positions from the reflecting silver/silicon surface allows the transfer rate to be determined as a function of distance from the surface.

Optically induced tunable magnetization dynamics in nanoscale co antidot lattices.

We report the time-domain measurements of optically induced precessional dynamics in a series of Co antidot lattices with fixed antidot diameter of 100 nm and with varying lattice constants (S) between 200 and 500 nm. For the sparsest lattice, we observe two bands of precessional modes with a band gap, which increases substantially with the decrease in S down to 300 nm. At S = 200 nm, four distinct bands with significant band gaps appear.

Photodynamic action of Rose Bengal silica nanoparticle complex on breast and oral cancer cell lines.

Rose Bengal, an anionic photosensitizer was conjugated to organically modified silica nanoparticles having 3-amino propyl groups by electrostatic or covalent interaction. The drug-nanoparticle complexes were characterized by FTIR, light scattering and zeta potential measurements. Significant changes were observed in the spectroscopic properties of the drug when it is conjugated with nanoparticles.

Improved infrared photoluminescence characteristics from circularly ordered self-assembled Ge islands.

The formation of circularly ordered Ge-islands on Si(001) has been achieved because of nonuniform strain field around the periphery of the holes patterned by focused ion beam in combination with a self-assembled growth using molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra obtained from patterned areas (i.e.

NIR femtosecond laser induced hyper-Rayleigh scattering and luminescence from silver nanoprisms.

The nonlinear response of silver nanoprisms (edge length 40 +/- 5 nm and thickness 4.5 +/- 0.5 nm) was studied by exciting with NIR femtosecond pulses (780-880 nm).

Spectroscopic investigations on the binding of the photosensitizer Chlorin p6 with amine-modified silica nanoparticles in aqueous media.

Absorption and emission properties of the amphiphilic photosensitizer Chlorin p6 were investigated in aqueous medium in the presence of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) having positively charged amino groups. The results of these studies reveal that the acid-base ionization equilibrium of Chlorin p6 in aqueous medium is significantly affected as a result of strong electrostatic binding between the negatively charged drug and SiNP. The spectroscopic signature of the drug bound to SiNPs suggests that the tri-anionic form of the drug remains bound to the positively charged SiNPs at pH 8.

FTIR of touch imprint cytology: a novel tissue diagnostic technique.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) interrogation of biological tissues in real time has largely been a challenging proposition because of the strong absorption of mid-infrared light in water filled tissues. To enable sampling of tissues they must be sectioned and dried, which has time and resource implications. FTIR of touch imprint cytology (TIC) has been proposed to circumvent this problem.

Role of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the diagnosis of parathyroid pathology.

Background: With the advent of minimally invasive parathyroid surgery (MIPS) accurate pathological diagnosis to differentiate parathyroid adenomas from hyperplasia has become difficult for the pathologist. This is because now single glands are excised, guided by better preoperative localisation scans, while for an accurate pathological diagnosis, at least a two-gland biopsy is required. Ultimately, an accurate pathological diagnosis to establish the aetiology is essential for the management of hyperparathyroidism.

Raman spectroscopy of parathyroid tissue pathology.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in 80% of patients is due to a solitary parathyroid adenoma, while in 20% multigland pathology exists, usually hyperplasia [Scott-Coombes, Surgery, 21(12):309-312, 2003]. Despite recent advances in minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, better preoperative localisation techniques and intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring, a 4% failure rate [Grant CS, Thompson G, Farley D, Arch Surg, 140:47-479, 2005] persists making accurate differentiation between adenomas and hyperplasia of prime importance. We investigated the ability of Raman spectroscopy to accurately differentiate between parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia.

Nile Blue in Triton-X 100/benzene-hexane reverse micelles: a fluorescence spectroscopic study.

We report the observation of ground state prototropic equilibrium of the dye Nile Blue in Triton-X 100/benzene-hexane reverse micellar system. In the absence of water, the deprotonated form of the dye is predominant. Addition of water produces the protonated form.

The leghemoglobin proximal heme pocket directs oxygen dissociation and stabilizes bound heme.

Sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) and soybean leghemoglobin (Lba) are two small, monomeric hemoglobins that share a common globin fold but differ widely in many other aspects. Lba has a much higher affinity for most ligands, and the two proteins use different distal and proximal heme pocket regulatory mechanisms to control ligand binding. Removal of the constraint provided by covalent attachment of the proximal histidine to the F-helices of these proteins decreases oxygen affinity in Lba and increases oxygen affinity in Mb, mainly because of changes in oxygen dissociation rate constants.