Perceived Work Demands and Emergency Department Crowding as Predictors of Objective Stress Among Emergency Physicians: A Shift-Level Approach.

Objective: To understand shift-level determinants of emergency physician (EP) burnout, relationships were tested between EP shift demands, stress, and fatigue.

Method: EP ( n = 16) were assessed over 114 shifts that occurred before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Salivary cortisol (an indicator of stress) and self-reported fatigue were collected prior to and following each shift.