Decoding the Clinical and Molecular Signatures of EGFR Common, Compound, and Uncommon Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are key oncogenic drivers in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), predominantly affecting Asian, non-smoking, and female populations. While common mutations, such as exon 19 deletions and L858R, respond well to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), uncommon EGFR mutations and compound variants exhibit variable treatment responses. This study aims to compare clinical characteristics and molecular profiles of patients with common, uncommon, and compound EGFR mutations, assessing their implications for therapy outcomes.

Risk of new onset diabetes mellitus with pitavastatin as compared to atorvastatin and rosuvastatin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Statins are linked to the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). While atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are often associated with NODM, pitavastatin may carry a lower risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) evaluated the impact of pitavastatin on NODM compared to atorvastatin and rosuvastatin.

Variability of anterior external arcuate fibers in the human medulla oblongata.

Anterior external arcuate fibers (AEAF) are efferents of the arcuate nuclei, which are located on the ventral surface of pyramids. Several types of fibre bundles superficial to the pyramids have been described in early and mid 20th century. Recently, few of these have been studied in detail.

Bacillus altitudinis Mediated Lead Bioremediation for Enhanced Growth of Rice Seedlings.

Lead (Pb) is a hazardous environmental pollutant that threatens soil health, water quality, and agricultural productivity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) mediated bioremediation is considered as an eco-friendly approach for agro-environmental sustainability. This study investigated the Pb bioremediation potential of Bacillus altitudinis (IHBT-705).

Interaction of chikungunya virus glycoproteins with macrophage factors controls virion production.

Despite their role as innate sentinels, macrophages can serve as cellular reservoirs of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a highly-pathogenic arthropod-borne alphavirus that has caused large outbreaks among human populations. Here, with the use of viral chimeras and evolutionary selection analysis, we define CHIKV glycoproteins E1 and E2 as critical for virion production in THP-1 derived human macrophages. Through proteomic analysis and functional validation, we further identify signal peptidase complex subunit 3 (SPCS3) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit K (eIF3k) as E1-binding host proteins with anti-CHIKV activities.

Median Nerve Entrapment by Superficial Brachioulnar Artery: Anatomical Insights and Clinical Perspective.

Entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve is typically caused by compression at specific anatomical points. However, idiopathic cases, where the standard anatomical compression points are normal, pose diagnostic challenges. This report highlights a unique case discovered during an anatomical dissection of the right upper limb in a 62-year-old male cadaver, where the median nerve was compressed by an unusual branch of the brachial artery, termed the superficial brachioulnar artery (SBUA).

Structural and biochemical investigation into stable FGF2 mutants with novel mutation sites and hydrophobic replacements for surface-exposed cysteines.

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is an attractive biomaterial for pharmaceuticals and functional cosmetics. To improve the thermo-stability of FGF2, we designed two mutants harboring four-point mutations: FGF2-M1 (D28E/C78L/C96I/S137P) and FGF2-M2 (D28E/C78I/C96I/S137P) through bioinformatics, molecular thermodynamics, and molecular modeling. The D28E mutation reduced fragmentation of the FGF2 wild type during preparation, and the substitution of a whale-specific amino acid, S137P, enhanced the thermal stability of FGF2.

A Kernel Attention-based Transformer Model for Survival Prediction of Heart Disease Patients.

Survival analysis is employed to scrutinize time-to-event data, with emphasis on comprehending the duration until the occurrence of a specific event. In this article, we introduce two novel survival prediction models: CosAttnSurv and CosAttnSurv DyACT. CosAttnSurv model leverages transformer-based architecture and a softmax-free kernel attention mechanism for survival prediction.

Harnessing biological synthesis: Zinc oxide nanoparticles for plant biotic stress management.

Crop growth and yield are negatively impacted by increased biotic stress in the agricultural sector due to increasing global warming and changing climatic patterns. The host plant's machinery is exploited by biotic stress, which is caused by organisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, nematodes, and mites. This results in nutrient deprivation, increased reactive oxygen species and disturbances in physiological, morphological, and molecular processes.

Impaired neutrophil migration underpins host susceptibility to infectious colitis.

Citrobacter rodentium models infection with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and ulcerative colitis (UC). While C57BL/6 (C57) mice recover, C3H/HeN (C3H) mice succumb to infection, partially due to increased colonic neutrophil elastase activity, also seen in UC patients; however, the underlying cause was unknown. Here, we found that bone marrow, blood, and colonic C57 neutrophils expressed (CD)11b and reached the infected colonic lumen, where they underwent productive NETosis.

Mapping Differential Protein-Protein Interaction Networks using Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry.

Proteins congregate into complexes to perform fundamental cellular functions. Phenotypic outcomes, in health and disease, are often mechanistically driven by the remodeling of protein complexes by protein-coding mutations or cellular signaling changes in response to molecular cues. Here, we present an affinity purification-mass spectrometry (APMS) proteomics protocol to quantify and visualize global changes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks between pairwise conditions.

Organic/metallic component analysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A thermochemical-perspective-based study on rice and bamboo waste.

Thermochemical treatment is significantly impacted by the physiochemical properties of lignocellulosic biomass. Traditional characterization methods lack granularity, requiring advanced analytical techniques for comprehensive biomass characterization. This study analyzed elemental composition and their distribution in untreated rice husk, rice straw, and bamboo chips at micron and sub-micron scales.

Cryo- EM structure of the mycobacterial 70S ribosome in complex with ribosome hibernation promotion factor RafH.

Ribosome hibernation is a key survival strategy bacteria adopt under environmental stress, where a protein, hibernation promotion factor (HPF), transitorily inactivates the ribosome. Mycobacterium tuberculosis encounters hypoxia (low oxygen) as a major stress in the host macrophages, and upregulates the expression of RafH protein, which is crucial for its survival. The RafH, a dual domain HPF, an orthologue of bacterial long HPF (HPF), hibernates ribosome in 70S monosome form, whereas in other bacteria, the HPF induces 70S ribosome dimerization and hibernates its ribosome in 100S disome form.

Methotrimeprazine is a neuroprotective antiviral in JEV infection via adaptive ER stress and autophagy.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) pathogenesis is driven by a combination of neuronal death and neuroinflammation. We tested 42 FDA-approved drugs that were shown to induce autophagy for antiviral effects. Four drugs were tested in the JE mouse model based on in vitro protective effects on neuronal cell death, inhibition of viral replication, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Recent Progress in the Hesperetin Delivery Regimes: Significance of Pleiotropic Actions and Synergistic Anticancer Efficacy.

Background: In the plant kingdom, flavonoids are widely distributed with multifunctional immunomodulatory actions. Hesperetin (HST) remains one of the well-studied compounds in this domain, initially perceived in citrus plants as an aglycone derivative of hesperidin (HDN).

Observations: Natural origin, low toxicity, and pleiotropic functional essence are the foremost fascinations for HST use as an anticancer drug.

Healthcare professionals' perspectives of the provision of, and challenges for, eating, drinking and psychological support post stroke: findings from semistructured interviews across India.

Aim: This qualitative study explores with health professionals the provision of, and challenges for, postdischarge stroke care, focussing on eating, drinking and psychological support across India.

Design: Qualitative semistructured interviews.

Setting: Seven geographically diverse hospitals taking part in a Global Health Research Programme on Improving Stroke Care in India.

ResR/McdR-regulated protein translation machinery contributes to drug resilience in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Survival response of the human tuberculosis pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to a diverse environmental cues is governed through its versatile transcription regulatory mechanisms with the help of a large pool of transcription regulators (TRs). Rv1830 is one such conserved TR, which remains uncharacterized in Mtb. It was named as McdR based on an effect on cell division upon its overexpression in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Community Perspective of Male Involvement in Maternal Health Care in Uttarakhand, India: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Due to the significant role of male in decision making in India, they may decide if, when and where a woman may access antenatal, delivery and postnatal care; and whether or not to provide financial resources to travel to these services. Men's involvement in maternity care is recognized as a key strategy in improving maternal health and accelerating the reduction of maternal mortality. This study explores key components and challenges to male involvement in maternal health care (MHC).

Isolation of bacteriophages infecting pv. and genomic characterization of novel phage vB_XooS_NR08 for biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice.

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease of rice caused by pv () is one of the most destructive diseases worldwide in rice-growing regions. The Ineffectiveness of chemicals in disease management has increased the interest in phage therapy. In this study, we isolated 19 bacteriophages, infecting , from a rice field, which belonged to phage families , and on the basis of electron microscopy.

Temperature-induced modulation of stress-tolerant PGP genes bioprospected from sp. IHBT-705 associated with saffron ( rhizosphere: A natural -treasure trove of microbial biostimulants.

There is a renewed interest in sustainable agriculture wherein novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are being explored for developing efficient biostimulants. The key requirement of a microbe to qualify as a good candidate for developing a biostimulant is its intrinsic plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics. Though numerous studies have been conducted to assess the beneficial effects of PGPRs on plant growth under normal and stressed conditions but not much information is available on the characterization of intrinsic traits of PGPR under stress.