Time-related underemployment in Indian agro-based industry during Covid-19.

Background: COVID-19 has adversely affected the different aspects of work and society. Due to the decline in economic activity globally, employees were exposed to conditions in which they were forced to work for reduced working hours leading to an increase in time-related underemployment.

Objective: The goal of the present study was to determine the extent of time-related underemployment and the rate of unutilized labor resource in the Agro-based Industry.

Noradrenaline enhances Na-K ATPase subunit expression by HuR-induced mRNA stabilization and their transportation to the cell surface through PLC and PKC mediated pathway: Implications with REMS-loss associated disorders.

Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) maintains brain excitability at least by regulating Na-K ATPase activity. Although REMS deprivation (REMSD)-associated elevated noradrenaline (NA) increases Na-K ATPase protein expression, its mRNA transcription did not increase. We hypothesized and confirmed both in vivo as well as in vitro that elevated mRNA stability explains the apparent puzzle.

Determination of Alteration in Micromeritic Properties of a Solid Dispersion: Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Based Adsorption and Other Structured Approaches.

The present study is focused on the use of solid dispersion technology to triumph over the solubility-related problems of bexarotene which is currently used for treating various types of cancer and has shown potential inhibitory action on COVID-19 main protease and human ACE2 receptors. It is based on comparison of green locust bean gum and synthetic poloxamer as polymers using extensive mechanistic methods to explore the mechanism behind solubility enhancement and to find suitable concentration of drug to polymer ratio to prepare porous 3 generation solid dispersion. The prepared solid dispersions were characterized using different studies like X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and particle size analysis in order to determine the exact changes occurred in the product which are responsible for enhancing solubility profiles of an insoluble drug.

Comparison of prophylactic phenylephrine and norepinephrine infusion on umbilical arterial pH and maternal blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery.

Background And Aims: Spinal anaesthesia induced maternal hypotension in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery may lead to neonatal acidosis and fall in umbilical artery pH. The aim of this study was to compare low dose norepinephrine infusion with phenylephrine to see the effect on umbilical arterial pH and maternal blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery.

Methods: In a randomised, double-blind study, 60 parturients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II, age 18-35 years with singleton term pregnancy were divided into the phenylephrine group and norepinephrine group.

Structural Insights in Mammalian Sialyltransferases and Fucosyltransferases: We Have Come a Long Way, but It Is Still a Long Way Down.

Mammalian cell surfaces are modified with complex arrays of glycans that play major roles in health and disease. Abnormal glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer; terminal sialic acid and fucose in particular have high levels in tumor cells, with positive implications for malignancy. Increased sialylation and fucosylation are due to the upregulation of a set of sialyltransferases (STs) and fucosyltransferases (FUTs), which are potential drug targets in cancer.

MR Venography in Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Parasagittal Meningiomas: A Technical Note with the Rationale of Venous Protection and a Review of Literature.

Postradiosurgery symptomatic brain edema may be seen with parasagittal meningioma owing to its proximity to major venous sinuses and cortical veins. Venous preservation radiosurgery planning is less described. Here, we discuss a new method of tumor volume contouring on postcontrast magnetic resonance venogram (CEMRV) images safely excluding the adjacent cortical veins and sinuses.

Flowerpot method for rapid eye movement sleep deprivation does not induce stress as defined by elevated serum corticosterone level in rats.

Flowerpot method of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) deprivation (REMSD) has been most extensively used in experiments to decipher the functions of REMS. The most common but serious criticism of this method has been presumed stress experienced by the experimental animals. The lack of systematic studies with appropriate controls to resolve this issue prompted this study.

Tmprss2 specific miRNAs as promising regulators for SARS-CoV-2 entry checkpoint.

Tmprss2 is an emerging molecular target which guides cellular infections of SARS-CoV-2, has been earmarked for interventions against the viral pathologies. The study aims to computationally screen and identifies potential miRNAs, following in vitro experimental validation of miRNA-mediated suppression of Tmprss2 for early prevention of COVID-19. Pool of 163 miRNAs, scrutinized for Tmprss2 binding with three miRNA prediction algorithms, ensued 11 common miRNAs.

Individual, interpersonal and economic challenges of underemployment in the wake of COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 has caused economic slowdown all across the globe. It results in job loss on the one hand and less wages, increased working hours, overqualified employees and part time jobs on the other hand. Low demand of labour and a huge availability of work force will put many in a disadvantageous position, where they will have to compromise with the circumstances by being underemployed.

Impact of health education on knowledge, attitude, practices and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Effective health education consequently improves knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) leading to better glycemic control and is widely accepted as an integral part of comprehensive diabetes care for affected individuals and their families in primary care settings.

Aims: To assess the impact of health education on knowledge, attitude, practices, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Settings And Design: This case control study was conducted in the department of Medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Noradrenaline Acting on Alpha1 Adrenoceptor as well as by Chelating Iron Reduces Oxidative Burden on the Brain: Implications With Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.

The noradrenaline (NA) level in the brain is reduced during rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). However, upon REMS deprivation (REMSD) its level is elevated, which induces apoptosis and the degeneration of neurons in the brain. In contrast, isolated studies have reported that NA possesses an anti-oxidant property, while REMSD reduces lipid peroxidation (LP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

A carbohydrate binding module-5 is essential for oxidative cleavage of chitin by a multi-modular lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki.

Conversion of crystalline chitin to soluble sugar molecules, using lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMOs) has emerged as a new avenue for the production of biofuels. The present study describes the role of accessory domains in a multi-modular LPMO from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (BtLPMO10A). The full length BtLPMO10A (BtLPMO10A-FL) possesses an N-terminal LPMO of AA10 family (BtAA10) and a C-terminal CBM5 (BtCBM5) connected via two fibronectin (Fn) III domains (aligned as AA10-FnIII-FnIII-CBM5 from N- to C-terminus).

Quantification of desmosine and isodesmosine using MALDI-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.

Desmosine (Des) and isodesmosine (Isodes), cross-linking amino acids in the biomolecule elastin, may be used as biomarkers for various pathological conditions associated with elastin degradation. The current study presents a novel approach to quantify Des and Isodes using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS) in a linear ion trap coupled to a vacuum MALDI source. MALDI-MS analyses of Des and Isodes are performed using stable-isotope-labeled desmosine d (labeled-Des) as an internal standard in different biological fluids, such as urine and serum.

Comparative Evaluation of Anti Microbial effects of Triple Antibiotic Paste and Amox and its derivatives against : An study.

Background: is a microorganism commonly detected in asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections. Triple antibiotic paste has stood the test of time as a proven antibiotic combination against . However, problems with this include staining of teeth and standardization of the preparation.

Endometrial evaluation by ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and histopathology in cases of breast carcinoma on Tamoxifen therapy.

Introduction: Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogenic agent, is used widely as adjunctive therapy for women with breast cancer. Most studies have found that the increased relative risk of developing endometrial cancer for women taking Tamoxifen is two to three times higher than that of an age-matched population. So we designed this study to assess the endometrial status in patients taking Tamoxifen for breast carcinoma.

Biotechnological approaches for field applications of chitooligosaccharides (COS) to induce innate immunity in plants.

Plants have evolved mechanisms to recognize a wide range of pathogen-derived molecules and to express induced resistance against pathogen attack. Exploitation of induced resistance, by application of novel bioactive elicitors, is an attractive alternative for crop protection. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) elicitors, released during plant fungal interactions, induce plant defenses upon recognition.

Bacterial chitin binding proteins show differential substrate binding and synergy with chitinases.

Glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 18 chitinases (Chi) and family 33 chitin binding proteins (CBPs) from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (BtChi and BtCBP), B. licheniformis DSM13 (BliChi and BliCBP) and Serratia proteamaculans 568 (SpChiB and SpCBP21) were used to study the efficiency and synergistic action of BtChi, BliChi and SpChiB individually with BtCBP, BliCBP or SpCBP21. Chitinase assay revealed that only BtChi and SpChiB showed synergism in hydrolysis of chitin, while there was no increase in products generated by BliChi, in the presence of the three above mentioned CBPs.