Genomics-Enabled Next-Generation Breeding Approaches for Developing System-Specific Drought Tolerant Hybrids in Maize.

Breeding science has immensely contributed to the global food security. Several varieties and hybrids in different food crops including maize have been released through conventional breeding. The ever growing population, decreasing agricultural land, lowering water table, changing climate, and other variables pose tremendous challenge to the researchers to improve the production and productivity of food crops.

Histogenesis of Muscularis Mucosa and Muscularis Externa of Stomach: A Human Foetal Study.

Introduction: The histological and developmental knowledge of musculature of stomach wall is vital for the assessment and management of various associated congenital abnormalities like hypertrophy of pyloric musculature and pathologies of nerve terminals and ganglia.

Aim: To study the development of muscularis mucosa and muscularis externa in human foetal stomach.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on 22 aborted human foetuses of varying gestational ages ranging from 10-26 weeks.

Development of Parafollicular Cells and their Relationship with Developing Thyroid Follicles in Human Foetuses.

Introduction: The parafollicular cells or clear (C) cells in man are part of neuroendocrine system under Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation (APUD) cells. Their role in adults has been reputable but in foetus is still unclear.

Aim: The present study was a baseline study endeavouring to describe the chronological development of the parafollicular cells with particular focus on its correlation with developing human thyroid follicles.

Morphometrical Analysis of Developing Cochlear Ganglion Neurons: A Light Microscopic Fetal Study.

Background And Aim: The cochlear or spiral ganglion neurons are the initial bridge between the external world of sound and its discernment in the brain. As the developing human fetal cochlea is known to start functioning in mid gestational period, its anatomical details when compared with adults could vary with each gestational age. The aim of current study was to assess morphometrical parameter of developing human fetal cochlear ganglion neurons and comparison of data in each gestational period.

Bilateral Hypodontia in Adolescents With Pierre Robin Sequence.

Objective: To describe the frequency of hypodontia and left-right symmetry of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of children with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS).

Patients And Method: The sample consisted of 78 children born with PRS between 1980 and 2006 and referred to the Oslo Cleft Lip and Palate Team (OCLPT). Data were collected retrospectively from the archives of the OCLPT.

A rare constellation of multiple upper limb anomalies.

We describe an unusual combination of unilateral upper limb variations, including an axillary arch, absence of a "typical" musculocutaneous nerve, direct lateral cord innervation of the muscles usually supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve, variant superficial brachial artery, a high anomalous origin of the common interosseous artery and a superficial ulnar artery noted during routine cadaver dissection. The embryological basis, recent molecular insights concerning such a constellation of anomalies and its clinical relevance are discussed.

Aberrant attachment of orbicularis oculi: case report.

A morphological peculiarity was observed in the form of an aberrant lateral bony attachment of the orbital part of the Orbicularis oculi muscle on the zygomatic bone, during routine dissection of a cadaver of an adult male of Indian origin. Fibers of this part of the muscle are not known to show any lateral attachment on bone. This paper discusses the presentation, probable embryological cause and clinical implications of this unusual finding.

Evaluating the parent-of-origin effect in bipolar affective disorder. Is a more penetrant subtype transmitted paternally?

Background: Numerous genetic mechanisms and modes of transmission underlying bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) have been postulated. Recently, the discovery of genomic imprinting and mitochondrial transmission of illness in humans has stimulated study of parent-of-origin effects in the transmission of BPAD.

Methods: We examined a large sample of families from an associated linkage study to search for a possible parent-of-origin effect.

In vitro transdermal delivery of atenolol using mouse and guinea pig.

In vitro percutaneous absorption of atenolol was done in order to assess its feasibility for transdermal development across mouse and guinea pig skins using Keshary-Chien type of diffusion cell. Values of diffusion rate (J) and permeability coefficient (Kp) across guinea pig skin were lowered as compared to those in mouse skin. When the concentration of drug in donor compartment was increased a decrease in Kp and increase in J value were observed with both the skins.

Hemiplegia as a manifestation of acute mountain sickness.

A young mountaineer who developed right sided hemiplegia with aphasia at high altitude is reported. This is an uncommon nervous system manifestation in acute mountain sickness.

Toxicity studies with potassium embelate, a new analgesic compound.

Potassium embelate, 2,5-dihydroxy, 3-undecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone, from Embelia ribes Burm. was subjected to toxicity evaluation which included subacute, chronic, reproductive toxicity testing and teratological investigations in laboratory animals (mice, rats and monkeys). The results did not indicate adverse effects suggesting that potassium embelate is a safe compound.

Kinetic fate of potassium embelate, a non-narcotic centrally acting analgesic after oral and intravenous administration.

The pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous potassium embelate (20 mg/kg) was studied in rats. The results revealed that this compound follows a biexponential kinetic pattern. Absorption was complete (bioavailability 97%) and fast.